Biological Activity of Phytochemicals from Agricultural Wastes and Weeds on Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Abstract

Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a polyphagous insect pest native to America. Due to its capacity for adaptation and migration, it is currently located in Africa, Asia, and Oceania, where it threatens agricultural crops. The ability of S. frugiperda to develop resistance to insecticides is one of the reasons for the continuous search for more effective, low-cost, and environmentally friendly control products. In the present work, the insecticidal activity of ethanolic and hexane extracts obtained from fresh and dehydrated leaves of Piper auritum Kunth (Piperales: Piperaceae), Piper umbellatum L. (Piperales: Piperaceae), and Cedrela odorata L. (Sapindales: Meliaceae) was studied against first instar larvae of S. frugiperda. The ethanolic extracts of the dehydrated leaves of C. odorata and P. auritum presented insecticidal activity as high (100% mortality at a concentration of 92 mg/cm2) as that obtained with the positive control, Melia azedarach L. (Sapindales: Meliaceae). The GC-MS analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of phytochemicals classified mainly into the groups of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, phenylpropanoids, alcohols, and fatty acids. P. auritum grows and propagates rapidly. In addition, due to its low toxicity in mammals and non-target insects, it is a plant with the potential to be used as a botanical insecticide. The exposure of S. frugiperda larvae to low concentrations of ethanolic extract of P. auritum allowed us to observe their biological activity in the development of this insect. The LC50 was 22.1 mg/cm2. At sublethal concentrations (LC21 and LC35) the low fertility of the emerging adults was noticeable.

Lemon peel essential oil and its nano-formulation to control Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

“…The tested concentrations significantly prolonged the duration of larvae after treated by (LPEO) and (LPEO-NPs) when compared to the control. These results agreed with the previously reported results obtained by 31 who reported that the dehydrated f Piper auritum 's ethanolic extract affected the survival of Spodoptera frugiperda by extending the larval and pupal stages and shortening the duration of the adult stage, with the strength of the effect depending on the extract's concentration. A slight significance in larval duration elongation treated with LC 15 and LC 50 of Lemongrass essential oil compared with control was reported by 32 .…”

“…Despite all surviving larvae in high concentrations pupated, the percentage of pupal mortality was lower than in the lower concentrations. In agreement with work reported by 31 , the pupal mortality of Spodoptera frugiperda was higher in all treatments of the larvae exposed to the LC 35 of ethanolic extract of Piper auritum than LC 50 and LC 56 . Additionally, nano-formulation using PEG of citrus peel essential oil extracted from different species including orange peel and lemon exhibited lethal activity against tomato T. absoluta have been reported by 21 .…”

Co-Application of Silver Nanoparticles and Symbiotic Fungus Piriformospora indica Improves Secondary Metabolite Production in Black Rice

“…The sample was further centrifuged for 15 min at 4000 rpm. After centrifugation, the lower layer of chloroform was taken and filtered with a 0.2 μm microfilter and injected into GC-MS [ 32 ]. The GC-MS was performed using Agilent GC-7890 with an auto sampler.…”

Bio-Efficacy of Plant-Derived Pesticides against Fall Armyworm (<i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i>) and Their Interactive Effects on Maize Agronomic Performance under Field Conditions

“…According to [13] the aqueous crude extracts of tobacco leaves had antifeedant activity against FAW larvae, with the highest concentration (50%) exhibiting the highest mortality. In a study by [14] the ethanolic extracts of the dehydrated leaves of Cedrela odorata and Piper auritum presented insecticidal activity as high (100% mortality at a concentration of 92 mg/cm 2 ) as that obtained with the positive control, Melia azedarach L. (Sapindales: Meliaceae). Furthermore, seed oil and leaf extracts from A. indica and plant oil from turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) have shown to be promising in controlling FAW larvae under laboratory conditions [15] [16].…”