Biological Activity of <i>Spartium junceum</i> L. (Fabaceae) Aromatic Water

Abstract

In this study, antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Spartium junceum L. aromatic water (SJAW), obtained by vacuum process distillation, were investigated. Antimicrobial activity of SJAW was evaluated against fungal organisms, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using agar-well diffusion method. Moreover, the ability of SJAW to sensitize Staphyloccus aureus to antibiotics was also evaluated. The antioxidant activity was examined by 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity assay and the cytotoxic activity of SJAW main components was tested on melanoma RPMI 7932 and normal keratinocytes NCTC 2544 cell lines using the trypan blue method. The preparation did not show antibacterial activity against tested microorganisms and was unable, at tested concentrations/conditions, to sensitize Staphylococcus aureus to antibiotics clindamycin (2 μg) and tetracycline (30 μg). On the contrary SJAW possesses an appreciable antioxidant and cytotoxic activity suggesting its potential use for pharmaceutical applications.

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“…As a result of the test, it was found that the basic components of S. junceum aromatic water were not cytotoxic to the normal NCTC 2544 cells used as controls, whereas it was showed a significant growth inhibitory effect on the RPMI 7932. In this study, although plant extracts were used as material, to be similar to the findings of Cerchiara et al, 15 we determined that methanol and aqueous extracts prepared from S. junceum's flowers and stems have no cytotoxic effect on normal Vero cells. According to the antiviral activity of the extracts, it has been found that all extracts showed different degrees of anti-HSV-1 activity.…”

“…According to the Rukunga and Simons classification 42 ; Extracts having a CC 50 value of less than 2 µg/mL are cytotoxic, extracts having a CC 50 value between 2-89 µg/mL are partially (moderate) cytotoxic, and extracts having a CC 50 of more than 90 µg/mL are nontoxic. Cerchiara et al, 15 determined chemical composition of aromatic water obtained from S. junceum flowers by using real samples of individual analytes as reference with Solid Phase Micro Extraction / Gas Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry (SPME/GC/ MS), and they performed quantitative measurements of some components by High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Diode Array Detector (HPLC/DAD) method. They were tested the cytotoxic activities of the essential components of aromatic water [(nerolidol, 1-octen-3-ol, farnesene, linalool, lynalyl acetate, and 2,4-bis (1,1-dy-methylethyl) phenol) on melanoma RPMI 7932 and normal keratinocyte NCTC 2544 cell lines by trypan blue dye method.…”

“…In particular, it has been reported that human herpes viruses such as HSV-1 and HSV-2 are sensitive to the inhibitory effect of plant essential oils [55][56] . The antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of aromatic water obtained from S. junceum flowers were investigated and it was determined that aromatic water had a significant antioxidant activity 15 . Yeşilada et al, 57 stated that flavonoid-rich fractions obtained from S. junceum flowers showed strong antioxidant activity.…”

“…It has been reported that S. junceum flowers exhibit moderate sedative and diuretic activities 10 , antiulcer [11][12] , antiinflammatory, analgesic 13 and antitumor 14 activities. The antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of aromatic water obtained from S. junceum flowers were investigated, and it was determined that aromatic water had a significant cytotoxic and antioxidant activity 15 . Researchers have shown that this plant contains high amounts of quinolizidine alkaloids [16][17][18] , flavonoids (flavonols, isoflavones, flavones) 19 , triterpenoid saponin 20 and proanthocyanidin 21 , including sparteine showing interesting biological activities.…”

Phytochemicals and GC–MS analysis of bioactive compounds present in ethanolic leaves extract of Taraxacum officinale (L).

“…It has an anticancer property and cytotoxic property. This compound has been reported as cytotoxic compounds by inhibiting various types of neoplastic cell lines and some of the compounds are potent anticancer agents [35][36] .…”