Biological activities of the hydro-alcoholic and aqueous extracts of <i>Achillea fragrantissima</i> (Forssk.) grown in Jordan

Abstract

Aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts of Achillea fragrantissima L. (Asteraceae) grown in Jordan were screened for their antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiplatelet, anti-proliferative and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition efficacy. Total phenols and flavonoids were determined colorimetrically. The radical scavenging activities were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity assays. High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis resulted in the identification of 7 phenolic compounds in the hydro-alcoholic extract and 4 compounds in the aqueous extract; quercetin 3-β-D-glucoside was the main component for both extracts. Antimicrobial activities were determined by antimicrobial susceptibility testing such as agar well-diffusion method, minimum inhibition concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration. Gram positive bacteria showed sensitivity to hydro-alcoholic extract in the agar-well diffusion test. No significant activity was observed against gram negative bacteria and Candida albicans. Hydro-alcoholic extract had a bactericidal activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Bacillus cereus at high concentrations (MIC 12.5 mg/ml) rather than inhibitory effect. In vitro antiplatelet activity was tested on human whole blood using an electrical impedance method. At concentrations (50, 100, and 200 μg/ml), no effect on platelet aggregation was noticed. Anti-proliferative activity was investigated using the MTT assay. At concentrations up to 200 μg/ml, extracts did not possess cytotoxic activity against the MCF-7 cells. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory capacity of A. fragrantissima extracts was tested using TLC assay method, and neither aqueous, nor hydroalcoholic extracts showed AChE inhibition. The present investigation supported the traditional use of A. fragrantissima in the Jordanian folk medicine as an antimicrobial active representative of the genus Achillea. A. fragrantissima extracts should be further studied for their potential use in preventing/treating diseases in which oxidative stress is a part of the pathophysiology.

Evaluation of Anticonvulsant Activity and HPLC–DAD Profiling of <i>Achillea fragrantissima</i> (Gaisoom) Extracts Growing in Saudi Arabia

“…It is reported that pentylenetetrazole induces seizure by the inhibition of GABA A receptors and is widely used model for absence seizure 22 . The activity of Gaisoom against both PTZ and MES induced convulsions could be due the antioxidant activity of Gaisoom because it has been reported that Achillea fragrantissima exhibited antioxidant activity 9,11 . If we compare Hexane and Chloroform chromatograms have bear a resemblance to each other.…”

“…Achillea fragrantissima is a medicinal shrub plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family (formerly Compositae) 8 . Achillea fragrantissima is a desert plant that has been used for many years in traditional medicine in the Arabia region for the treatment of respiratory diseases and gastrointestinal disturbances 9 . In Saudi Arabia it is known locally as Gaisoom.…”

“…A. Yassin, Rami S. Habeballa and Mohammed M. Alshehri alley pain, spasms and inflammation. Numerous studies describe the ethno-pharmacological value and various pharmacological effects of the Achillea extracts and hydro-distilled volatile oils in management of several diseases, used topically and orally [9][10][11] .…”

Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme by Rhazya stricta, Moringa peregrina and Achillea fragrantissima, used in traditional system of medicine in Arabian Peninsula: Implication in the management of hypertension

“…The study also demonstrates the presence of tannins as an important molecule which might be responsible for the observed pharmacological properties. Plants such as Rhazya stricta, Moringa peregrina and Achillea fragrantissima are used in folk medicine for the treatment of various ailments, including chronic and pathogenic diseases like diabetes (Ullah et al, 2015), inflammatory conditions (Ali et al, 1998) and microbial infections (Hammad et al, 2014).…”

Phytochemical Constituents of Leaves Essential oils of Achillea fragrantissima (Asteraceae) from Iraq

“…and anticancer activity (Shalaby and Richler, 1964;Ageel, et al, 1989;Barel, et al, 1991;Al-Mustafa and Al-Thunibat, 2008;Soltan and Zaki, 2009;Elmann, et al, 2011;Hazem, et al, 2012;Vitalini, et al, 2013;Alenad, et al, 2013;Hammad, et al, 2014;and Choucry, 2017). Comparison between the essential oils of A. fragrantissima (Forssk.)…”