Biological Activities of Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins

Citores, Lucı́a; Ferreras, José M.

doi:10.3390/toxins15010035

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Similarly, in humans, phytotoxins may cause a deterioration in absorption by preventing the functioning of some enzymes, degeneration in cells by interacting with body cells, or various complications (such as vomiting, diarrhea, and poisoning); however, they have positive effects on human health by preventing some adverse mechanisms in the human body or as new agents in the pharmaceutical industry [ 151 , 152 ]. RIPs are toxins that localize to the cell wall after they are produced, reaching the host cytoplasm and inhibiting its ribosomes [ 153 ]. Cell surface adhesion—which is essential for colonization, viral infections, bacteria, fungus, and symbiotic microbes associating with the host—is facilitated by lectins.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Toxic Proteins: Their Biological Activities, Mechanism of Action and Removal Strategies

Koçyiğit

Kocaadam-Bozkurt

Bozkurt

et al. 2023

Toxins

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Plants evolve to synthesize various natural metabolites to protect themselves against threats, such as insects, predators, microorganisms, and environmental conditions (such as temperature, pH, humidity, salt, and drought). Plant-derived toxic proteins are often secondary metabolites generated by plants. These proteins, including ribosome-inactivating proteins, lectins, protease inhibitors, α-amylase inhibitors, canatoxin-like proteins and ureases, arcelins, antimicrobial peptides, and pore-forming toxins, are found in different plant parts, such as the roots, tubers, stems, fruits, buds, and foliage. Several investigations have been conducted to explore the potential applications of these plant proteins by analyzing their toxic effects and modes of action. In biomedical applications, such as crop protection, drug development, cancer therapy, and genetic engineering, toxic plant proteins have been utilized as potentially useful instruments due to their biological activities. However, these noxious metabolites can be detrimental to human health and cause problems when consumed in high amounts. This review focuses on different plant toxic proteins, their biological activities, and their mechanisms of action. Furthermore, possible usage and removal strategies for these proteins are discussed.

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Section: Mechanism Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Toxic Proteins: Their Biological Activities, Mechanism of Action and Removal Strategies

Koçyiğit

Kocaadam-Bozkurt

Bozkurt

et al. 2023

Toxins

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“…Ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs) are a group of active proteins widely found in plants and fungi that can disrupt ribosome structure, leading to ribosome inactivation and inhibition of protein biosynthesis [14][15][16]. Many studies have shown that RIPs have a variety of biological activities, such as antiviral, insecticidal, immunological and antifungal activities [17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Curcin Protein and Jatropha Plantation on Soil Fungi

Lai,

Zhang,

Niu

et al. 2023

Forests

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Jatropha curcas is widely planted as a highly drought-resistant biodiesel feedstock. Curcin protein is one of the Jatropha ribosomal inactivation proteins with broad-spectrum antifungal activity that may enter the soil ecosystem as a result of large-scale Jatropha cultivation and affect fungi and various enzymatic activities in the soil. In this research, the influence of curcin protein and Jatropha planting on soil fungi was investigated, and the levels of curcin in various tissues and organs of Jatropha were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. It was found that the content of curcin in seed kernels reaches 2 mg/g, which is much higher than that in other tissues. After the seeds have fallen into the soil, the level of curcin in the soil rises rapidly, reaching 59.22 µg/g soil and 67.49 µg/g soil in different soil samples, respectively. It then falls by more than 99% within six days. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to study the soils treated with different concentrations of curcin, and the results of the soil fungal alpha diversity index analysis showed that the fungal communities did not change significantly, but the abundance of each fungal community changed significantly. The degree of influence of different concentrations of curcin treatment on the abundance of the soil dominant fungal community were investigated for concentrations of 0.5 μg/g, 50 μg/g and 5 μg/g, and showed that concentrations of 0.5 μg/g and 50 μg/g are more likely to change fungal community structure in soil, and with the increasing extension of the treatment time, they may be detrimental to the conservation of soil ecosystems. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing of soil fungi from Jatropha planted and unplanted areas in four regions with different climate types showed that Jatropha planting significantly altered the soil fungal communities in each region. There was a negative impact on soil fungal communities in tropical maritime monsoon and subtropical dry and hot monsoon climates, while a positive impact was observed in subtropical monsoon and tropical highland monsoon climates due to Jatropha cultivation. In conclusion, Jatropha plantations and curcin protein have an impact on soil fungi and thereby affect the ecological system of the soil.

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Anticancer genes (NOXA, PAR-4, TRAIL) are de-regulated in breast cancer patients and can be targeted by using a ribosomal inactivating plant protein (riproximin)

et al. 2023

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Background: Anticancer genes are endogenous enemies of transformed cells and impose antineoplastic effects upon ectopic expression. Identifying the expression pro le of these genes is a prerequisite to explore their prognostic and therapeutic relevance in cancers. In parallel, natural compounds can be explored for their ability to upregulate anticancer genes in malignant cells for therapeutic purposes. In this study, we identi ed the expression levels of anticancer genes in breast cancer clinical isolates. In addition, the potential of a puri ed and sequenced plant protein (riproximin) to induce anticancer genes in breast cancer cells was evaluated.Methodology:Expression pro les of three anticancer genes (NOXA, PAR-4, TRAIL) were identi ed by immunohistochemistry in 45 breast cancer clinical isolates. Effects of riproximin exposure on expression of the anticancer genes were explored via microarray, real-time PCR and western blot methodologies. Lastly, the bioinformatic approach was adopted to highlight the molecular/functional signi cance of the anticancer genes.Results:NOXA expression was evenly de-regulated among the clinical isolates, while PAR-4 was signi cantly down-regulated in majority of the breast cancer tissues. In contrast, a higher TRAIL expression was observed in most of the clinical samples. Expression levels of the anticancer genes were following a distinct trend in accordance with the disease severity. Riproximin showed a substantial potential of inducing the anticancer genes in breast cancer cells at transcriptomic and protein levels. The bioinformatic approach revealed involvement of anticancer genes in multiple cellular functions and signaling cascades.Conclusion:Anticancer genes were de-regulated and showed discrete expression patterns in breast cancer patient samples. Riproximin effectively induced the expression of selected anticancer genes in breast cancer cells.

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Biological Activities of Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

Plant Toxic Proteins: Their Biological Activities, Mechanism of Action and Removal Strategies

Plant Toxic Proteins: Their Biological Activities, Mechanism of Action and Removal Strategies

The Effect of Curcin Protein and Jatropha Plantation on Soil Fungi

Anticancer genes (NOXA, PAR-4, TRAIL) are de-regulated in breast cancer patients and can be targeted by using a ribosomal inactivating plant protein (riproximin)

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