Biological activities of lipoteichoic acid and peptidoglycan--teichoic acid of Bacillus subtilis 168 (Marburg)

Himanen, Juha P.; Pyhälä, Liisa; Ölander, Rose‐Marie; Merimskaya, O.; Kuzina, T.; Lysyuk, O.; Пронин, А. В.; Санин, А. В.; Helander, Ilkka M.; Sarvas, Matti

doi:10.1099/00221287-139-11-2659

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Also, its teichoic acid has weak or no biological activity (12). When used as stimulatory proteins in lymphoproliferation assay, the purified protein preparations induced minimal mitogenic activity as shown by relatively low background levels observed in proliferative response of splenocytes from naïve or mock-immunized mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The widely used laboratory strain 168 contains no innate toxins; in particular, since it is gram positive there is no lipopolysaccharide endotoxin. Its cell wall components are of weak or no biological activity (peptidoglucan and teichoic acid) (12). Effective expression systems for heterologous proteins are available, with the choice of intracellular or secreted mode of production.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Production ofChlamydia pneumoniaeProteins inBacillus subtilisand Their Use in Characterizing Immune Responses in the Experimental Infection Model

Airaksinen

Penttilä

Wahlström

et al. 2003

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Due to intracellular growth requirements, large-scale cultures of chlamydiae and purification of its proteins are difficult and laborious. To overcome these problems we produced chlamydial proteins in a heterologous host, Bacillus subtilis, a gram-positive nonpathogenic bacterium. The genes of Chlamydia pneumoniae major outer membrane protein (MOMP), the cysteine-rich outer membrane protein (Omp2), and the heat shock protein (Hsp60) were amplified by PCR, and the PCR products were cloned into expression vectors containing a promoter, a ribosome binding site, and a truncated signal sequence of the ␣-amylase gene from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. C. pneumoniae genes were readily expressed in B. subtilis under the control of the ␣-amylase promoter. The recombinant proteins MOMP and Hsp60 were purified from the bacterial lysate with the aid of the carboxy-terminal histidine hexamer tag by affinity chromatography. The Omp2 was separated as an insoluble fraction after 8 M urea treatment. The purified proteins were successfully used as immunogens and as antigens in serological assays and in a lymphoproliferation test. The Omp2 and Hsp60 antigens were readily recognized by the antibodies appearing after pulmonary infection following intranasal inoculation of C. pneumoniae in mice. Also, splenocytes collected from mice immunized with MOMP or Hsp60 proteins proliferated in response to in vitro stimulation with the corresponding proteins.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Production ofChlamydia pneumoniaeProteins inBacillus subtilisand Their Use in Characterizing Immune Responses in the Experimental Infection Model

Airaksinen

Penttilä

Wahlström

et al. 2003

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…10,11 Indeed, polymeric PGN was considered to be unable to stimulate innate immune cells 10,11 and intestinal epithelial cells. 32 Because PGN does not stimulate TLRs and because it causes only minimal pathological changes in mice, [33][34][35][36] PGN has often been overlooked as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern. However, a recent body of work from our laboratory demonstrates the importance of PGN as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern when anti-PGN IgG is present.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacillus anthracis peptidoglycan activates human platelets through FcγRII and complement

Sun

Popescu

Raisley³

et al. 2013

Blood

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“…We have previously shown that LTA elicits tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a) release, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) induction, and circulatory failure in anesthetized rats (15). However, in contrast to LPS, LTA or PepG does not cause lethality or organ toxicity at an immunostimulatory dose in mice or rats (16)(17)(18)(19).…”

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confidence: 99%

The cell wall components peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid from Staphylococcus aureus act in synergy to cause shock and multiple organ failure.

Kimpe

Kengatharan

Thiemermann

et al. 1995

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

322

215

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Although the incidence of Gram-positive sepsis has risen strongly, it is unclear how Gram-positive organisms (without endotoxin) initiate septic shock. We investigated whether two cell wall components from Staphylococcus aureus, peptidoglycan (PepG) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA), can induce the inflammatory response and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) associated with septic shock caused by Gram-positive organisms. In cultured macrophages, LTA (10 jig/ml), but not PepG (100 'g/ml), induces the release of nitric oxide measured as nitrite. PepG, however, caused a 4-fold increase in the production of nitri$e elicited by LTA. Furthermore, PepG antibodies inhibited the release of nitrite elicited by killed S. aureus. Administration of both PepG (10 mg/kg; i.v.) and LTA (3 mg/kg; i.v.) in anesthetized rats resulted in the release of tumor necrosis factor et and interferon -y and MODS, as indicated by a decrease in arterial oxygen pressure (lung) and an increase in plasma concentrations of bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase (liver), creatinine and urea (kidney), lipase (pancreas), and creatine kinase (heart or skeletal muscle). There was also the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in these organs, circulatory failure, and 50% mortality. These effects were not observed after administration of PepG or LTA alone. Even a high dose of LTA (10 mg/kg) causes only circulatory failure but no MODS. Thus, our results demonstrate that the two bacterial wall components, PepG and LTA, work together to cause systemic inflammation and multiple systems failure associated with Gram-positive organisms.

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Biological activities of lipoteichoic acid and peptidoglycan--teichoic acid of Bacillus subtilis 168 (Marburg)

Cited by 27 publications

References 13 publications

Production ofChlamydia pneumoniaeProteins inBacillus subtilisand Their Use in Characterizing Immune Responses in the Experimental Infection Model

Production ofChlamydia pneumoniaeProteins inBacillus subtilisand Their Use in Characterizing Immune Responses in the Experimental Infection Model

Bacillus anthracis peptidoglycan activates human platelets through FcγRII and complement

The cell wall components peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid from Staphylococcus aureus act in synergy to cause shock and multiple organ failure.

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