Biological Activities and Syntheses of Steroidal Saponins: the Shark‐Repelling Pavoninins

Williams, John R.; Gong, Hanlin

doi:10.1007/s11745-006-1002-3

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Most known saponins are found in angiosperms (Magnoliophyta), though some marine invertebrates such as sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea) and starfish (Asteroidea) also produce these molecules (Bordbar et al ., 2011 ; Liu et al ., 2008 ; Osbourn et al ., 2011 ; Williams & Gong, 2007 ). While the synthesis of saponins is widespread in plants, the majority of the producing plant species is dicotyledonous and accumulates mainly triterpenoid-type saponins.…”

Section: Biosynthesis Of Saponinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic and functional diversity of saponins, biosynthetic intermediates and semi-synthetic derivatives

Moses

Papadopoulou

Osbourn

2014

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

381

282

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Saponins are widely distributed plant natural products with vast structural and functional diversity. They are typically composed of a hydrophobic aglycone, which is extensively decorated with functional groups prior to the addition of hydrophilic sugar moieties, to result in surface-active amphipathic compounds. The saponins are broadly classified as triterpenoids, steroids or steroidal glycoalkaloids, based on the aglycone structure from which they are derived. The saponins and their biosynthetic intermediates display a variety of biological activities of interest to the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food sectors. Although their relevance in industrial applications has long been recognized, their role in plants is underexplored. Recent research on modulating native pathway flux in saponin biosynthesis has demonstrated the roles of saponins and their biosynthetic intermediates in plant growth and development. Here, we review the literature on the effects of these molecules on plant physiology, which collectively implicate them in plant primary processes. The industrial uses and potential of saponins are discussed with respect to structure and activity, highlighting the undoubted value of these molecules as therapeutics.

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Section: Biosynthesis Of Saponinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic and functional diversity of saponins, biosynthetic intermediates and semi-synthetic derivatives

Moses

Papadopoulou

Osbourn

2014

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

381

282

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“…They also assist in plant adaptation and most of them have valuable medicinal properties that make them useful in pharmaceutical, agrochemical, flavor and aroma industries. Saponins are important plant secondary metabolites generally known for their multiple pharmacological properties (Williams and Gong 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in steroidal saponins biosynthesis and in vitro production

Upadhyay

Jeena

Shikha

et al. 2018

Planta

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Main conclusion Steroidal saponins exhibited numerous pharmacological activities due to the modification of their backbone by different cytochrome P450s (P450) and UDP glycosyltransferases (UGTs). Plant-derived steroidal saponins are not sufficient for utilizing them for commercial purpose so in vitro production of saponin by tissue culture, root culture, embryo culture, etc, is necessary for its large-scale production.Saponin glycosides are the important class of plant secondary metabolites, which consists of either steroidal or terpenoidal backbone. Due to the existence of a wide range of medicinal properties, saponin glycosides are pharmacologically very important. This review is focused on important medicinal properties of steroidal saponin, its occurrence, and biosynthesis. In addition to this, some recently identified plants containing steroidal saponins in different parts were summarized. The high throughput transcriptome sequencing approach elaborates our understanding related to the secondary metabolic pathway and its regulation even in the absence of adequate genomic information of non-model plants. The aim of this review is to encapsulate the information related to applications of steroidal saponin and its biosynthetic enzymes specially P450s and UGTs that are involved at later stage modifications of saponin backbone. Lastly, we discussed the in vitro production of steroidal saponin as the plant-based production of saponin is time-consuming and yield a limited amount of saponins. A large amount of plant material has been used to increase the production of steroidal saponin by employing in vitro culture technique, which has received a lot of attention in past two decades and provides a way to conserve medicinal plants as well as to escape them for being endangered.

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“…, 2001; Piancente et al. , 2004; Williams & Gong, 2007). Both compounds have been associated with antimicrobial properties (Cheeke & Otero, 2006; Chapagain et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yucca schidigera extract: a potential biofungicide against seedborne pathogens of sorghum

et al. 2011

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Treatment of seeds with an aqueous extract of yucca (YE), Yucca schidigera, was evaluated for antifungal activity against seedborne pathogens as well as its effect on seed germination and seedling growth of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). The antifungal effect of YE was observed against Leptosphaeria sacchari (syn. Phoma sorghina) when the extract was applied at 2AE5 and 10% concentrations. At 10% concentration, YE significantly reduced not only the incidence of L. sacchari, but also that of Fusarium spp., Cochliobolus lunatus (syn. Curvularia lunata) and Cladosporium spp. The effect of 10% YE on seedborne fungi was broader than the fungicide fludioxonil, particularly with regard to Fusarium. Furthermore, the number of normal, healthy-looking seedlings increased in a dose-responsive manner with YE treatment. Seedling vigour was also stimulated by YE but no correlation was observed with the concentrations tested. Under glasshouse conditions, the treatment of seeds with 10% YE increased the emergence of seedlings and plant height and reduced the number of seedlings with crown rot compared to negative controls and saponin. The positive effect was similar to the effect obtained with fungicide-treated seeds. Treatment of seeds with synthetic saponin inhibited seedborne fungi less effectively and also negatively affected germination and vigour of the seedlings, compared to the treatment with YE. The results demonstrate an agronomic potential for the use of YE as a biofungicide for seed treatment of sorghum. The difference between the antifungal and the vigour-stimulating effects of YE warrants further investigation.

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Biological Activities and Syntheses of Steroidal Saponins: the Shark‐Repelling Pavoninins

Cited by 21 publications

References 47 publications

Metabolic and functional diversity of saponins, biosynthetic intermediates and semi-synthetic derivatives

Metabolic and functional diversity of saponins, biosynthetic intermediates and semi-synthetic derivatives

Recent advances in steroidal saponins biosynthesis and in vitro production

Yucca schidigera extract: a potential biofungicide against seedborne pathogens of sorghum

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