Biologic properties in vitro of a recombinant human granulocyte- macrophage colony-stimulating factor

Metcalf, Donald; Begley, C. Glenn; Johnson, GR; Nicola, Nicos A.; Vadas, MA; Lopez, Angel F.; Williamson, Dominic J.; Wong, GG; Clark, SC; Ea, Wang

doi:10.1182/blood.v67.1.37.bloodjournal67137

Cited by 57 publications

(59 citation statements)

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“…Interleukin-1 (IL-1) [6,7], IL-6 [8], and interferon-7 (IFN7) [9] are pleiotropic cytokines with multiple effects in a series of immune, hematopoietic and other systems. A major biological activity of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is to induce proliferation and differentiation of granulocytic and monocytic stem cells [10]. IL-4 appears to be essential requirement for IgE production whereas IFN7 inhibits this effect [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasal cytokines in common cold and allergic rhinitis

Linden

Greiff

Andersson

et al. 1995

Clin Experimental Allergy

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Coronavirus-induced common cold and allergen-induced rhinitis are characterized by nasal mucosal exudation of bulk blood plasma. The mucosal exudation process involves 'flooding' of the lamina propria with plasma-derived binding proteins and it is possible that subepithelial inflammatory cytokines and mediators may be moved by the exudate to the mucosal surface. In this study, we have analysed cytokine levels in nasal lavage (NAL) fluids from non-allergic subjects inoculated with coronavirus (n = 20) and from subjects with allergic (birch pollen) rhinitis subjected to additional allergen challenge (samples were obtained 35 min post challenge) in the laboratory (n = 10). Ten of the 20 inoculated subjects developed common cold and 10 remained healthy. Interferon-gamma (IFN gamma), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-4, and IL-6 were analysed in unprocessed NAL fluids using immunoassays. The subjects who developed common cold had increased NAL fluid levels of IFN gamma (P < 0.05) that correlated well with the symptoms (P < 0.001). IFN gamma did not increase in subjects with allergic rhinitis. IL-1 beta levels were similar in NAL fluids obtained from all inoculated subjects. In the subjects with allergic rhinitis NAL fluid levels of both IL-1 beta and GM-CSF were increased (P < 0.05). GM-CSF was not detected in common cold. IL-4 and IL-6 were not detectable in any of the NAL fluids. The present cytokines may not only emanate from superficial mucosal cells. By aiding plasma exudation subepithelial cytokines may potentially also be retrieved on the mucosal surface.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasal cytokines in common cold and allergic rhinitis

Linden

Greiff

Andersson

et al. 1995

Clin Experimental Allergy

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“…A number of cytokines, such as IL-3, IL-5 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), are eosinophilopoietic in vitro and in vivo [12,13]. These cytokines augment eosinophil function [14][15][16][17][18][19], enhance their survival in vitro [14,17,20], and convert eosinophils from normal to lower density [14,17,21]. The gene cluster for IL-3, IL-4, IL-5 and GM-CSF is expressed by bronchoalveolar T lymphocytes in patients with atopic asthma [22], and mRNA for IL-5 has been detected in bronchial tissue biopsies of patients with asthma [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lidocaine in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) is an inhibitor of eosinophil-active cytokines

Ohnishi

Kita

Mayeno

et al. 1996

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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Eosinophils and eosinophil granule proteins may play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma. BALF from 40 patients with symptomatic asthma were analysed for cytokine activity by the eosinophil survival assay. BALF from 15 patients showed increased survival activity. Survival activities in BALF from four of these patients were almost completely blocked by anti‐IL‐5 MoAb, and the remaining activities were blocked by anti‐granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF), anti‐IL‐3 antibody, or both. Surprisingly, BALF samples from the other 25 patients decreased eosinophil viabilities below the levels of medium control. The inhibitory factor in these BALF was of low molecular weight, was heat‐stable, was largely overcome by excess exogenously added cytokines, and was positively correlated with the concentrations of lidocaine in the BALF. Lidocaine itself inhibited eosinophil survival at concentrations less than those present in the BALF. These findings indicate that lidocaine is an inhibitor of cytokines in the eosinophil survival assay, and they suggest the need for caution in analyses of BALF containing lidocaine or other local anaesthetics.

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“…Correspondence: D. Hovgaard, Department of Hematology L, 4132, Rigshospitalet, BkgddmSVeJ 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen 0, Denmark. purified and produced from mammalian cells [13], yeast [I41 and Escherichia coli [15]. GM-CSF is variably glycosylated in its native form with a molecular weight of 15-34 kDa [I] and it is unglycosylated when produced by E. coli.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical pharmacokinetic studies of a human haemopoietic growth factor, GM‐CSF

Hovgaard¹,

Mortensen²,

Schifter

et al. 1992

Eur J Clin Investigation

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The pharmacokinetics of glycosylated recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) was studied following intravenous (i.v.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) bolus injection of rhGM-CSF, 8 micrograms kg-1 employing a sensitive radioimmunoassay. After a single i.v. bolus injection, an initial high serum level of rhGM-CSF was observed, followed by a rapid decrease that occurred in two phases with a half-life (t1/2) alpha of 20.0 +/- 5 min and a t1/2 beta of 68.3 +/- 8 min. Following s.c. bolus injection the absorption was more prolonged. Peak serum concentrations did not occur until about 15-20 h, and were followed by a more protracted elimination than by the i.v. route. In all patients the single rhGM-CSF injection led to an increase in peripheral white blood cells (WBC), after a temporary drop of 2-5 h duration. The increase in WBC was of longer duration after s.c. than after i.v. bolus treatment. Since the subcutaneous administration leads to prolonged serum concentration of rhGM-CSF and prolonged increase in peripheral WBC, it seems preferable to i.v. bolus injection, and as effective as continuous i.v. infusion.

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Biologic properties in vitro of a recombinant human granulocyte- macrophage colony-stimulating factor

Cited by 57 publications

References 0 publications

Nasal cytokines in common cold and allergic rhinitis

Nasal cytokines in common cold and allergic rhinitis

Lidocaine in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) is an inhibitor of eosinophil-active cytokines

Clinical pharmacokinetic studies of a human haemopoietic growth factor, GM‐CSF

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