Biologic modulators in allergic and autoinflammatory diseases

Abstract

Purpose of review The advent of molecular techniques has resulted in the ability to tailor medications to specific protein targets. This review will emphasize several biological therapies, specifically directed toward cytokine receptors and inhibitors, and their role in the treatment of atopic and autoinflammatory diseases. Recent findings Translational research and the identification of the molecular pathophysiology of diseases have led to more targeted treatment approaches. The biologic modulators, encompassing monoclonal antibodies as cytokine inhibitors, receptor blocking antibodies and new fusion receptors are now being applied to diseases beyond their original application. Summary The expanded use of biological therapies has experienced success in the treatment of numerous disorders, especially in subsets of patients with disease that has been refractory to conventional therapies.

Role of fibrinogen in cerebrovascular dysfunction after traumatic brain injury

“…A wide variety of human diseases are associated with inflammation that include stroke [20], myocardial infarction [21], hypertension [22, 23], diabetes [24, 25], atherosclerosis [26] and traumatic brain injury [2, 27, 28]. Inflammation is a key contributor to many vascular diseases and plays a major role in autoimmune diseases [29], allergic reactions [30] and cancer [31]. …”

Different approaches in the treatment of obstructive pulmonary diseases

“…Treatments with omalizumab reduce cell surface levels of IgE and reduce the number of high affinity IgE receptors or FcεRI on the cell surface (Broderick et al, 2011). It was initially tested and approved for the treatment of allergic asthma, but it has subsequently been applied to the treatment of multiple atopic disorders (Broderick et al, 2011).…”

“…These therapies have been designed to specifically target the molecular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. In the recent years the use of monoclonal antibodies has been expanded to additional diseases, notably in patients with disease that has been unresponsive to conventional therapies like asthma (Broderick et al, 2011).…”

Immunotherapeutic Biologic Agents to Treat Autoinflammatory Diseases

“…It also acts as a soluble decoy for IL-1α, also preventing this cytokine from binding with the receptor. These agents control FCAS and MWS and are partly beneficial in NOMID [32][33][34][35][36][37].…”