Biologic Initiation Rate in Systemic-Naïve Psoriatic Arthritis Patients Starting Treatment with Apremilast vs Methotrexate: 1-Year Retrospective Analysis of a US Claims Database

Abstract

Purpose To compare the rate of biologic initiation after commencing treatment with apremilast (APR) vs methotrexate (MTX), in systemic-naïve patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Patients and Methods Systemic-naïve patients with PsA who started treatment with either APR or MTX between 01/01/2015 and 12/31/2018 were analyzed using claims data from the IBM ® MarketScan ® Commercial and Medicare Supplemental databases (2014–2019). PsA patients were identified via diagnosis codes; the first prescription date for APR or MTX was the index date. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, healthcare utilization during the year pre-index (baseline) and the year post-index (follow-up), and median time to biologic initiation were reported descriptively. The rates and risk of biologic initiation during follow-up were compared between APR and MTX users by logistic and Cox regressions, respectively. Models were adjusted for demographics, clinical and utilization measures during the baseline period. Results A total of 2116 patients with PsA newly treated with APR (n = 534) or MTX (n = 1582) were identified. Mean age was similar (50.5 vs 50.4; P = 0.938), and proportion of females was higher for APR vs MTX users (59.4% vs 54.0%; P = 0.031). Mean time to biologic initiation among patients who initiated during follow-up was 194.1 vs 138.7 days between APR vs MTX users ( P < 0.001). After adjusting for confounders, the likelihood of biologic initiation was 58% lower (OR, 0.42 [95% CI, 0.32–0.54]; P < 0.001) with APR, with a significantly lower predicted rate of biologic initiation among APR users when compared to MTX users during follow-up (20.0% [95% CI, 16.6–23.9%] vs 37.5% [95% CI, 35.0–40.1%]). Additionally, APR users had a lower risk of biologic initiation than MTX users (HR, 0.46 [95% CI, 0.37–0.57]; P < 0.001) during the 1-year follow-up. Conclusion Systemic-naïve patients with PsA have a lower rate of, and longer time to, biologic initiation over one-year following APR initiation, compared to those initiating MTX.