Biologic Behavior and Prognostic Factors for Mast Cell Tumors of the Canine Muzzle: 24 Cases (1990–2001)

Gieger, Tracy L.; Théon, Alain P; Werner, Jonathan; McEntee, Margaret C.; Rassnick, Kenneth M.; DeCock, Hilde E. V.

doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.2003.tb02501.x

Cited by 82 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Grade has been shown by many investigators to correlate with outcome in canine MCT [29], and some investigators have likewise suggested that mucocutaneous location may be associated with more aggressive biologic behavior [29,30]. One report described aggressive behavior for MCT of the canine muzzle [11], however it did not specify how many arose from mucous membrane versus haired skin of the muzzle. To our knowledge, this is the first study that has demonstrated a statistical association between mucous membrane origin and outcome in canine MCT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcome and Prognostic Factors Following Adjuvant Prednisone/Vinblastine Chemotherapy for High-Risk Canine Mast Cell Tumour: 61 Cases

2006

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ABSTRACT. The medical records of 61 dogs with MCT at high risk for metastasis that were treated with prednisone and VBL following excision +/-radiation therapy were reviewed, and median disease-free interval (DFI), median overall survival time (OS) and prognostic factors assessed. Adverse effects, mostly mild, were noted in 26% of patients, usually after the first VBL dose. 6.5% experienced severe neutropenia. The DFI was 1305 days, and the OS was not reached, with 65% alive at 3 years. 100% of dogs with "high-risk" grade II MCT were alive at 3 years. The OS for dogs with grade III MCT was 1374 days. Histologic grade, location (mucous membrane vs. skin) and use of prophylactic nodal irradiation predicted outcome. Prednisone and VBL chemotherapy is well tolerated, and results in good outcomes following surgery in dogs with MCT at high risk for metastasis. High-grade and mucocutaneous tumors had a worse outcome, and the use of prophylactic nodal irradiation appeared to improve outcome in this group of dogs. KEY WORDS: canine, mastocytoma, Prednisone, vinblastine.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 68(6): 581-587, 2006 Mast cell tumour (MCT) represents the most common malignant cutaneous tumour in the dog [29]. High-grade or undifferentiated MCT (Patnaik grade III) comprise 29 to 40% of all MCT [2,14,22]. In addition to local infiltration, they have a reported metastatic rate of 55 to 96%, and are more likely to result in tumor-related death than are low-or intermediate-grade MCT [29]. While some discordance exists in the literature, patients with MCT of any grade involving the regional lymph node (LN) or arising from a mucous membrane (e.g. gingiva, perineum, prepuce, nailbed) may also be at higher risk for eventual death from MCT [1,10,[28][29][30]. Thus, local therapies alone may be suboptimal for tumour control in these patients.Survival times after surgery alone for high-grade MCT were reported in early studies as 15% at seven months, 6% at 48 months, and a median survival time (MST) of 13 weeks [2,3,22]. More recent studies have reported a MST of approximately 9 months with resection alone in dogs with high-grade MCT [20,25].Several studies have evaluated chemotherapy for the treatment of measurable MCT, and response rates from 7% to 78% have been documented [8,10,17,18,23,28]. However, few studies have evaluated the efficacy of chemotherapy as adjuvant treatment for MCT [7,28].Vinblastine (VBL) is an antimicrotubule alkaloid used in the treatment of hemolymphatic neoplasia in dogs [12], and various human malignancies [24]. We previously reported the results of a study employing prednisone/VBL for the treatment of dogs with gross, microscopic and "high-risk" MCT. An objective response rate of 44% was reported in dogs with gross disease, and there was suggestion that dogs receiving prednisone/VBL following surgery had a favorable clinical outcome compared with historical controls receiving local therapy alone [28]. However, the clinical characteristics of these patients were variable, and a relatively small number were treat...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcome and Prognostic Factors Following Adjuvant Prednisone/Vinblastine Chemotherapy for High-Risk Canine Mast Cell Tumour: 61 Cases

2006

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“…Therefore, reporting should be thorough and inclusive. In veterinary medicine, a variety of assays and techniques have been used in attempts to identify prognostic markers for neoplastic diseases, including clinical parameters, 1,18,24 histologic features, 27,42,46 immunohistochemistry, 33,56 quantitative PCR, 16 evaluations for genomic mutations, 57 and specific serum protein levels or enzyme activity analyses. 17,25 The variety of assays used to identify prognostic markers will likely increase as new technologies are developed.…”

Section: Methods Of Prognostic Marker Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recommended Guidelines for the Conduct and Evaluation of Prognostic Studies in Veterinary Oncology

et al. 2010

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There is an increasing need for more accurate prognostic and predictive markers in veterinary oncology because of an increasing number of treatment options, the increased financial costs associated with treatment, and the emotional stress experienced by owners in association with the disease and its treatment. Numerous studies have evaluated potential prognostic and predictive markers for veterinary neoplastic diseases, but there are no established guidelines or standards for the conduct and reporting of prognostic studies in veterinary medicine. This lack of standardization has made the evaluation and comparison of studies difficult. Most important, translating these results to clinical applications is problematic. To address this issue, the American College of Veterinary Pathologists' Oncology Committee organized an initiative to establish guidelines for the conduct and reporting of prognostic studies in veterinary oncology. The goal of this initiative is to increase the quality and standardization of veterinary prognostic studies to facilitate independent evaluation, validation, comparison, and implementation of study results. This article represents a consensus statement on the conduct and reporting of prognostic studies in veterinary oncology from veterinary pathologists and oncologists from around the world. These guidelines should be considered a recommendation based on the current state of knowledge in the field, and they will need to be continually reevaluated and revised as the field of veterinary oncology continues to progress. As mentioned, these guidelines were developed through an initiative of the American College of Veterinary Pathologists' Oncology Committee, and they have been reviewed and endorsed by the World Small Animal Veterinary Association.

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“…MCTs of the muzzle (35) and perineal or preputial (23) areas appear to have higher regional metastatic potential than those in other sites. Mastocytaemia, reported to occur in cats (3) and dogs (4,61,83,111) with MCTs as an indicator of haematogenous spread, should be regarded with caution.…”

Section: Canine Mast Cell Tumours Epidemiology and Aetiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several investigators have attempted to apply histologic grading systems based on the degree of differentiation (1,11,35,36,42,47,71,86) of the tumours. The purpose of histologic grading of MCTs is not only to assist the pathologist in giving a more accurate prognosis in each individual, but it will provide also a base-line against which the effects of clinical trials involving additional therapies can be measured (11).…”

Section: A Histologic Gradementioning

confidence: 99%

Mast cells and canine mast cell tumours. A review

Misdorp

2004

Veterinary Quarterly

101

103

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Biologic Behavior and Prognostic Factors for Mast Cell Tumors of the Canine Muzzle: 24 Cases (1990–2001)

Cited by 82 publications

References 23 publications

Outcome and Prognostic Factors Following Adjuvant Prednisone/Vinblastine Chemotherapy for High-Risk Canine Mast Cell Tumour: 61 Cases

Outcome and Prognostic Factors Following Adjuvant Prednisone/Vinblastine Chemotherapy for High-Risk Canine Mast Cell Tumour: 61 Cases

Recommended Guidelines for the Conduct and Evaluation of Prognostic Studies in Veterinary Oncology

Mast cells and canine mast cell tumours. A review

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