Abstract:Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a biologia e a tabela de vida de Tetranychus bastosi em pinhão-manso (Jatropha curcas). O experimento foi realizado em ambiente controlado a 26ºC e 75% de UR, com fotófase de 12 horas. Os ovos usados nos experimentos foram oriundos de criação estoque. As avaliações foram realizadas duas vezes ao dia, para a biologia do ácaro, e uma vez, para os parâmetros reprodutivos. O ciclo médio de vida das fêmeas foi de 9,63 dias e o dos machos, de 8,94 dias. A razão sexual… Show more
“…R-strategist species explore resources in temporary patches, reveal high population growth rates and minimize interspecific competition (Southwood, 1962;Begon et al, 2005). Both P. latus and T. bastosi exhibit these traits, as they have high reproductive rates (Lopes, 2009;Evaristo et al, 2013;Pedro-Neto et al, 2013) and have characteristics that reduce the interspecific competition, including their behavior of attacking plants at different time periods. During colonization, individuals identify locations favorable to their offspring (Karban & Agrawal, 2002).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Thus, dispersion links the local population cycles of colonization and extinction of the individuals in ephemeral environments (Hanski, 1999). P. latus and T. bastosi colonize the leaves at their preferred site, the apex of the physic nut plants (Lopes, 2009; Evaristo et al , 2013; Pedro-Neto et al , 2013). Another reason for the mite migration to other plant species is that the physic nut plants are deciduous (Ulyshen, 2011).…”
Spatial distribution studies in pest management identify the locations where pest attacks on crops are most severe, enabling us to understand and predict the movement of such pests. Studies on the spatial distribution of two mite species, however, are rather scarce. The mites Polyphagotarsonemus latus and Tetranychus bastosi are the major pests affecting physic nut plantations (Jatropha curcas). Therefore, the objective of this study was to measure the spatial distributions of P. latus and T. bastosi in the physic nut plantations. Mite densities were monitored over 2 years in two different plantations. Sample locations were georeferenced. The experimental data were analyzed using geostatistical analyses. The total mite density was found to be higher when only one species was present (T. bastosi). When both the mite species were found in the same plantation, their peak densities occurred at different times. These mites, however, exhibited uniform spatial distribution when found at extreme densities (low or high). However, the mites showed an aggregated distribution in intermediate densities. Mite spatial distribution models were isotropic. Mite colonization commenced at the periphery of the areas under study, whereas the high-density patches extended until they reached 30 m in diameter. This has not been reported for J. curcas plants before.
“…R-strategist species explore resources in temporary patches, reveal high population growth rates and minimize interspecific competition (Southwood, 1962;Begon et al, 2005). Both P. latus and T. bastosi exhibit these traits, as they have high reproductive rates (Lopes, 2009;Evaristo et al, 2013;Pedro-Neto et al, 2013) and have characteristics that reduce the interspecific competition, including their behavior of attacking plants at different time periods. During colonization, individuals identify locations favorable to their offspring (Karban & Agrawal, 2002).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Thus, dispersion links the local population cycles of colonization and extinction of the individuals in ephemeral environments (Hanski, 1999). P. latus and T. bastosi colonize the leaves at their preferred site, the apex of the physic nut plants (Lopes, 2009; Evaristo et al , 2013; Pedro-Neto et al , 2013). Another reason for the mite migration to other plant species is that the physic nut plants are deciduous (Ulyshen, 2011).…”
Spatial distribution studies in pest management identify the locations where pest attacks on crops are most severe, enabling us to understand and predict the movement of such pests. Studies on the spatial distribution of two mite species, however, are rather scarce. The mites Polyphagotarsonemus latus and Tetranychus bastosi are the major pests affecting physic nut plantations (Jatropha curcas). Therefore, the objective of this study was to measure the spatial distributions of P. latus and T. bastosi in the physic nut plantations. Mite densities were monitored over 2 years in two different plantations. Sample locations were georeferenced. The experimental data were analyzed using geostatistical analyses. The total mite density was found to be higher when only one species was present (T. bastosi). When both the mite species were found in the same plantation, their peak densities occurred at different times. These mites, however, exhibited uniform spatial distribution when found at extreme densities (low or high). However, the mites showed an aggregated distribution in intermediate densities. Mite spatial distribution models were isotropic. Mite colonization commenced at the periphery of the areas under study, whereas the high-density patches extended until they reached 30 m in diameter. This has not been reported for J. curcas plants before.
“…; Pedro‐Neto et al . ). The predators are currently evaluated for their capacity to control the pests (Sarmento et al .…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…Its adult females are the largest stage, and they are c. 0Á5 mm long, whereas the eggs are spherical with a diameter of c. 0Á13 mm. These herbivorous mites and predators co-occur in plantations of the biodiesel plant Jatropha curcas L. in Brazil, where the pests cause severe yield reductions (Sarmento et al 2011;Pedro-Neto et al 2013). The predators are currently evaluated for their capacity to control the pests (Sarmento et al 2011).…”
Section: T H E E X P E R I M E N T a L S Y S T E Mmentioning
Summary
Mixing of prey that differ in nutrient content or toxic compounds (dietary mixing) may allow synovigenic predatory arthropods to balance their diet or dilute toxins of different prey items to maximize performance: dietary mixing may therefore explain the prevalence of polyphagy in this functional group.
Several predatory arthropods can redress nutritional imbalances in their diet by actively mixing different diets, based on experiments with artificial diets or with prey that were manipulated to contain different nutrients.
Evidence is also accumulating that predator species perform better on a mixed diet of several different prey species, but evidence that they actively forage for different prey species is scarce.
Thus, evidence that predators actively forage for a mixed diet consisting of natural, non‐manipulated prey to increase their performance is still rare. Here, we investigate whether arthropod predators invest in achieving an optimal diet by active mixing of different prey species or by simply eating what they encounter.
Females of two species of plant‐inhabiting predatory mites produced significantly more eggs when feeding on a prey mixture of co‐occurring phytophagous mites than when feeding on either of the two prey species separately.
When the two prey species were offered on two separate, connected patches at some distance from each other, predators commuted significantly more between the two patches to obtain a mixed diet and had a significantly increased egg production than predators that were offered a single prey species on two patches.
Thus, predators actively commuted between patches to balance their diet. We propose that active dietary mixing can have synergistic effects on predator fitness and has the potential to explain polyphagy in this functional group.
“…Considering the potential use of Jatropha curcas L. for biofuel production (ALONSO; LEZCANO, 2014), integrated management studies of pest arthropods associated with this crop are necessary for optimizing its production. For example, phytophagous mites are usually reported to be potential pests of J. curcas (SARMENTO et al, 2011;CRUZ et al, 2013a;LOFEGO et al, 2013;PEDRO-NETO et al, 2013;ROSADO et al, 2015a;2015b;SARAIVA et al, 2015). Predatory mites, especially those in the family Phytoseiidae, also colonize J. curcas plants and play a key role in limiting phytophage population (SARMENTO et al, 2011).…”
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the spatial-temporal distribution of phytophagous and predatory mites in the canopy of Jatropha curcas L. Mite richness, diversity, and abundance were determined, and higher values were observed primarily in the top stratum. Mite population in J. curcas was higher during the rainy season. Phytophagous mites were mostly concentrated in the top stratum, and Brevipalpus sp. was the most abundant. Predatory mites from the family Phytoseiidae presented the highest richness and diversity, and Amblydromalus zannoui was the most abundant species. The present results indicate seasonal population dynamics for both predatory and phytophagous mites on J. curcas.
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