Bioinspired lignin-based loose nanofiltration membrane with excellent acid, fouling, and chlorine resistances toward dye/salt separation

Recyclable Lignin-Based Light-Driven Shape Memory Epoxy Resins with Excellent Mechanical Performance

“…There are increasing numbers of reports describing the use of the unique polymer lignin in the development of biomass-based SMPs. − Lignin, one of the main components of wood, was first identified during wood processing and was officially given the name lignin (from the Latin lignum , meaning wood) in 1857 . Although lignin was discovered relatively late, it is the largest natural renewable source of aromatic hydrocarbons and is also the second most abundant natural polymer after cellulose. − Lignin, together with cellulose and hemicellulose, forms the main structure of plant cell walls and is widely distributed, mostly in herbaceous and woody plants. − The molecular structure of lignin is very complex, and rather than being a single substance with a clear chemical structure, lignin is collection of very heterogeneous polymers. − Lignin can, therefore, be considered to be a complex mixture of insoluble, high molecular weight, aromatic polymers. , Structurally, lignin is an irregular natural polymer composed of three different phenylpropane monomers connected randomly through C–O bonds and C–C bonds …”

Emerging environmentally friendly bio-based nanocomposites for the efficient removal of dyes and micropollutants from wastewater by adsorption: a comprehensive review

“…The chemical and physical properties of lignin, i.e., its reactivity, functionality, and hydrophilicity, are analyzed by the presence of different functional molecules within the macromolecules of lignin, including phenolic and aliphatic hydroxyls, carbonyl, methoxyl groups, and carboxylic. [43][44][45][46] As an alternative to costly commercial sorbents, lignin-based biosorbents have been recently created using crosslinking, graing, copolymerization, and hybridization modication procedures. Gao et al 47 devised and produced a variety of ligninbased adsorbents that used lignin as graed and essential poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as the tentacles.…”

“…, its reactivity, functionality, and hydrophilicity, are analyzed by the presence of different functional molecules within the macromolecules of lignin, including phenolic and aliphatic hydroxyls, carbonyl, methoxyl groups, and carboxylic. 43–46…”