Bioinspired exosome-like therapeutics and delivery nanoplatforms

Lu, Mengmeng; Huang, Yuanyu

doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119925

Cited by 174 publications

(168 citation statements)

References 162 publications

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“…At this point, it is clear that the functionalization of EVs with ligands and other molecules can boost up their stability in blood circulation, have the capability of localizing the target site, and can increase their intracellular delivery efficiency [ 111 ]. The main drawback of EV engineering is the introduction of the risks of altering the orientation of membrane proteins, which may compromise their biological functionalities or even induce immunogenicity [ 59 ].…”

Section: Engineered Evsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further risks of EV engineering are associated with the hiding of these proteins or to the damage or disruption the EV membrane [ 101 ]. For this reason, developing bioinspired, synthetic, and chimeric EV-like alternatives is increasingly promising to broaden the therapeutic application of these natural biovesicles [ 111 ].…”

Section: Engineered Evsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As stated previously, EV-based nanomedicine has many advantages, such as the specificity in targeting and innate biomimicry. However, this approach has severe drawbacks too, such as the lack of purification protocols at a large-scale clinical grade, the potential safety concerns, the parental cell-dependent composition, and the inefficient drug payload [ 111 ]. These reasons are keeping EVs far from becoming a therapeutic reality [ 111 ].…”

Section: Synthetic and Chimeric Evsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this approach has severe drawbacks too, such as the lack of purification protocols at a large-scale clinical grade, the potential safety concerns, the parental cell-dependent composition, and the inefficient drug payload [ 111 ]. These reasons are keeping EVs far from becoming a therapeutic reality [ 111 ]. To overcome these drawbacks, some alternative strategies have been promoted to develop artificial EVs.…”

Section: Synthetic and Chimeric Evsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bottom-up method starts from small components, i.e., molecular building blocks to obtain complex structures, namely, the synthetic EVs [ 111 , 113 ]. The aim is to mimic the natural EVs using specific lipid composition and then functionalize this synthetic lipid bilayer (liposome) with the proteins that are necessary for targeting/biomimetic purposes with the same techniques used to engineer the natural EVs [ 113 ].…”

Section: Synthetic and Chimeric Evsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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EVs and Bioengineering: From Cellular Products to Engineered Nanomachines

Villata

Canta

Cauda

2020

IJMS

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are natural carriers produced by many different cell types that have a plethora of functions and roles that are still under discovery. This review aims to be a compendium on the current advancement in terms of EV modifications and re-engineering, as well as their potential use in nanomedicine. In particular, the latest advancements on artificial EVs are discussed, with these being the frontier of nanomedicine-based therapeutics. The first part of this review gives an overview of the EVs naturally produced by cells and their extraction methods, focusing on the possibility to use them to carry desired cargo. The main issues for the production of the EV-based carriers are addressed, and several examples of the techniques used to upload the cargo are provided. The second part focuses on the engineered EVs, obtained through surface modification, both using direct and indirect methods, i.e., engineering of the parental cells. Several examples of the current literature are proposed to show the broad variety of engineered EVs produced thus far. In particular, we also report the possibility to engineer the parental cells to produce cargo-loaded EVs or EVs displaying specific surface markers. The third and last part focuses on the most recent advancements based on synthetic and chimeric EVs and the methods for their production. Both top-down or bottom-up techniques are analyzed, with many examples of applications.

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Section: Engineered Evsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Engineered Evsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synthetic and Chimeric Evsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synthetic and Chimeric Evsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synthetic and Chimeric Evsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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EVs and Bioengineering: From Cellular Products to Engineered Nanomachines

Villata

Canta

Cauda

2020

IJMS

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Applications of Engineered Extracellular Vesicles

Li,

Xiao,

et al. 2023

Biomedical Applications of Extracellular Vesicles

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Viral Protein‐Pseudotyped and siRNA‐Electroporated Extracellular Vesicles for Cancer Immunotherapy

Liu

Huang

Mao

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

Self Cite

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown great potential in drug delivery, disease diagnosis, and treatment owing to their versatile native features and functions. RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutics that block the programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway have attracted increasing interest for the treatment of various cancers. Here, immunoregulatory EVs are developed by decorating M1-macrophagederived EVs (M1 EV) with vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G), a pH-responsive viral fusion protein, and electroporating anti-PD-L1 siRNA (siPD-L1) into the EVs. After administration to CT26 tumor-bearing mice, this virus-mimic nucleic acid engineered EVs (siRNA@V-M1 EV) can target tumor tissues, which is attributed to the natural tumor-homing property of M1 EV. Then, the fusion of VSV-G with cells facilitates the direct release of siPD-L1 into the cytoplasm and triggers robust gene silencing, leading to the efficient block of PD-L1/PD-1 interaction and then the elevation of CD8 + T cell population. Meanwhile, the M1 EVs and IFN-γ secreted by the CD8 + T cells promote the repolarization of M2 tumor-associated macrophages to M1 macrophages. The combination of PD-L1/PD-1 pathway blocking, T cell recognition reconstructing, and M1 macrophage repolarization via multifunctional EVs can achieve satisfactory antitumor efficacy in this tumor model, showing potential as a new modality to fight cancers.

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Bioinspired exosome-like therapeutics and delivery nanoplatforms

Cited by 174 publications

References 162 publications

EVs and Bioengineering: From Cellular Products to Engineered Nanomachines

EVs and Bioengineering: From Cellular Products to Engineered Nanomachines

Applications of Engineered Extracellular Vesicles

Viral Protein‐Pseudotyped and siRNA‐Electroporated Extracellular Vesicles for Cancer Immunotherapy

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