Bioinspired bilayer hydrogel-based actuator with rapidly bidirectional actuation, programmable deformation and devisable functionality

Fabrication of high‐strength magnetically responsive hydrogels by synergistic salting‐out and freezing–thawing and application of their shape deformation and swimming

“…In the last few years, smart hydrogels, which exhibit a response to different stimuli such as pH, [1] temperature, [2][3][4][5][6][7] light, [8] electric fields, [9][10][11][12] and magnetic fields, [13][14][15][16] have acquired great interest and attention. Among these smart hydrogels, magnetic actuation hydrogel is especially gained more attention because of its unique properties, including remote operation, fast response, and easily controlled manipulation .…”

Carbon Quantum Dots with High Photothermal Conversion Efficiency and Their Application in Photothermal Modulated Reversible Deformation of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Hydrogel

“…The huge volume change near LCST gives PNIPAM the potential to act as the active layer of a soft actuator. Since light is a clean, safe, and convenient switching energy source, and light manipulation is easily achieved by controlling the light spot size, the exposure time, and the intensity and wavelength of radiation, light-driven devices have a wide application potential . In order to realize photoactuation of a PNIPAM hydrogel, PTAs have to be introduced to form a PNIPAM composite, in which the photoenergy is converted to heat, and thus, the temperature of the device will increase, resulting in the volume collapse of PNIPAM.…”

“…The bilayer hydrogels are attractive because of their flexible design, reversible bidirectional bending/recovery, and easy preparation. So far, many biomimetic systems have been prepared by using double-layer hydrogels to imitate the behavior of some animals and plants in nature, for example, swimming bodies, phototaxis hydrogels, deformations, and driving materials. , …”

Tri-cationic copolymer hydrogels with adjustable adhesion and antibacterial properties for flexible wearable sensors

“…1,2 In addition, they were used as artificial skin electronic products in motionmonitoring sensors, wearable electronic equipment and soft robots. [3][4][5] Technically, they could track users' motions and heart rate using wireless sensors and predict their emotional state accordingly. In view of the great potential in future, it is of great value to design and develop FWS materials.…”