Bioinspired 3D printable pectin-nanocellulose ink formulations

Cernencu, Alexandra I.; Lungu, Adriana; Stancu, Izabela‐Cristina; Serafim, Andrada; Heggset, Ellinor B.; Syverud, Kristin; Iovu, Horia

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.05.026

Cited by 79 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Combined, these results demonstrate the pivotal role of pectin in modulating the rheological properties of gelatin biomaterial inks, as was also shown for cellulose inks by Cernencu et al [ 34 ] (pectin–nanocellulose ink formulations). Although pectin alone already modulates the rheological properties of GELPect slurries, the presence of a crosslinker agent is necessary to crosslink both gelatin and pectin, which would otherwise dissolve under physiological conditions.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Based on the degree of esterification (DE) of galacturonic acid units in its repeating structure, pectin can be classified as high methoxy (DE > 50%) and low methoxy (DE < 50%) content polymers [ 29 ]. For its gelling capabilities, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, pectin has already been employed for producing micro-beads for cell delivery and scaffolds for tissue regeneration obtained through freeze-drying [ 32 ], electrospinning [ 33 ], and 3D bioprinting [ 34 , 35 ]. In this study, we aim to exploit the thickening properties of pectin to enhance the bioprintability of low viscosity gelatin solutions for the first time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pectin as Rheology Modifier of a Gelatin-Based Biomaterial Ink

et al. 2021

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Gelatin is a natural biopolymer extensively used for tissue engineering applications due to its similarities to the native extracellular matrix. However, the rheological properties of gelatin formulations are not ideal for extrusion-based bioprinting. In this work, we present an approach to improve gelatin bioprinting performances by using pectin as a rheology modifier of gelatin and (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) as a gelatin–pectin crosslinking agent. The preparation of gelatin–pectin formulations is initially optimized to obtain homogenous gelatin–pectin gels. Since the use of GPTMS requires a drying step to induce the completion of the crosslinking reaction, microporous gelatin–pectin–GPTMS sponges are produced through freeze-drying, and the intrinsic properties of gelatin–pectin–GPTMS networks (e.g., porosity, pore size, degree of swelling, compressive modulus, and cell adhesion) are investigated. Subsequently, rheological investigations together with bioprinting assessments demonstrate the key role of pectin in increasing the viscosity and the yield stress of low viscous gelatin solutions. Water stable, three-dimensional, and self-supporting gelatin–pectin–GPTMS scaffolds with interconnected micro- and macroporosity are successfully obtained by combining extrusion-based bioprinting and freeze-drying. The proposed biofabrication approach does not require any additional temperature controller to further modulate the rheological properties of gelatin solutions and it could furthermore be extended to improve the bioprintability of other biopolymers.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pectin as Rheology Modifier of a Gelatin-Based Biomaterial Ink

et al. 2021

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“…In this regard, TOUS-CNFs are particularly appealing in the biofabrication field. In fact, several works describe their use blended with other polymers (e.g., alginate [12,41], gelatin [42], pectin [43]) to enhance the printability of the (bio)inks and improve the shape fidelity of the printed scaffolds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TEMPO-Nanocellulose/Ca2+ Hydrogels: Ibuprofen Drug Diffusion and In Vitro Cytocompatibility

et al. 2020

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Stable hydrogels with tunable rheological properties were prepared by adding Ca2+ ions to aqueous dispersions of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO)-oxidized and ultra-sonicated cellulose nanofibers (TOUS-CNFs). The gelation occurred by interaction among polyvalent cations and the carboxylic units introduced on TOUS-CNFs during the oxidation process. Both dynamic viscosity values and pseudoplastic rheological behaviour increased by increasing the Ca2+ concentration, confirming the cross-linking action of the bivalent cation. The hydrogels were proved to be suitable controlled release systems by measuring the diffusion coefficient of a drug model (ibuprofen, IB) by high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. IB was used both as free molecule and as a 1:1 pre-formed complex with β-cyclodextrin (IB/β-CD), showing in this latter case a lower diffusion coefficient. Finally, the cytocompatibility of the TOUS-CNFs/Ca2+ hydrogels was demonstrated in vitro by indirect and direct tests conducted on a L929 murine fibroblast cell line, achieving a percentage number of viable cells after 7 days higher than 70%.

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“…When developing new biomaterials, natural polymers are often preferred to other classes of materials, as a result of their higher biocompatibility and similarities to human body constituents. For instance, some of the most popular natural biopolymers are chitosan [2], collagen [3] and gelatin [4], hyaluronic acid [5], sodium alginate [6,7], nanocellulose [8] and silk fibroin [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Oxide Reinforcing Genipin Crosslinked Chitosan-Gelatin Blend Films

et al. 2020

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This study was targeted towards the synthesis and characterization of new chitosan–gelatin biocomposite films reinforced with graphene oxide and crosslinked with genipin. The composites’ mode of structuration was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, while morphology and topography were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, nano-computer tomography and profilometry. Eventually, thermal stability was evaluated through thermogravimetrical analysis, mechanical properties assessment was carried out to detect potential improvements as a result of graphene oxide (GO) addition and in vitro enzyme degradation was performed to discern the most promising formulations for the maturation of the study towards in vivo assays. In accordance with similar works, results indicated the possibility of using GO as an agent for adjusting films’ roughness, chemical stability and polymer structuration. The enzymatic stability of chitosan–gelatin (CHT-GEL) films was also improved by genipin (GEN) crosslinking and GO supplementation, with the best results being obtained for CHT-GEL-GEN and CHT-GEL-GEN-GO3 (crosslinked formulation with 3 wt.% GO). Yet, contrary to previous reports, no great enhancement of CHT-GEN-GEL-GO thermal performances was obtained by the incorporation of GO.

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Bioinspired 3D printable pectin-nanocellulose ink formulations

Cited by 79 publications

References 44 publications

Pectin as Rheology Modifier of a Gelatin-Based Biomaterial Ink

Pectin as Rheology Modifier of a Gelatin-Based Biomaterial Ink

TEMPO-Nanocellulose/Ca2+ Hydrogels: Ibuprofen Drug Diffusion and In Vitro Cytocompatibility

Graphene Oxide Reinforcing Genipin Crosslinked Chitosan-Gelatin Blend Films

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