Bioinorganic Chemistry and Computational Study of Herbal Medicine to Treatment of Tuberculosis

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading infectious diseases in the world. The disease is commonly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) bacteria which are capable of rapidly spreading through droplet transmission. In developing countries, poverty and malnutrition cause immunodeficiency which is considered as the main risk factor for the incidence of TB. Treatment of TB has been proven to be difficult because treatment options are very limited and found to be expensive specifically in developing countries. Moreover, the existence of extensively drug-resistant TB phenomena is frequently happening in these countries because of mishandling treatments used for this disease. In Indonesia, the traditional herbal medicine, namely, jamu, has been utilized since a long time ago to treat diseases including TB. The present study by using computational methods found that there are many active compounds that can bound and influence proteins responsible for TB pathogenesis. Besides, these compounds have the potency to modulate the host immune system. The current chapter discussed the possible interaction of the antioxidant compounds with the chelating potential to form a complex with transitional metal as the central atom. In the perspective of bioinorganic chemistry, this complex has a scavenging activity which is expected to have a role in overcoming energy management of the host cell during infection pathogenesis. It is important to involve bioinorganic chemistry in energy management during infection, correlated with impairing of niacin metabolism of the host cell in which the host cell mitochondria cannot competitively gain free radicals during infection. This phenomenon is the main reason to propose herbal medicine as a source of niacin and provide a proper environment for gastrointestinal commensal microbiota to treat and govern protection from TB infection.

Computational approach to determine the combination of polyherbs based on the interaction of their metal complexes on the mucoadhesive properties of type II mucin

“…In comparison, radical scavenging of a single LMW will form new radicals as LMW loses its electrons (Ahmadinejad et al, 2017). As a potential chelator, LMW complex bioinorganic has prospects as a pharmaceutical agent, especially in energy transfer systems (Widyarti et al, 2019;Sumitro and Sukmaningsih, 2018). Besides that, transition metals such as Fe, Cr, Zn, Co, Mn, Ni, Cu, Mg, and Ca are also required in small amounts to maintain the homeostasis of the human body, while either a deficiency or an excess of essential metals may result in various diseases (Bencini et al, 2010;Gupta, 2018;Jomova et al, 2022).…”

Determination of herbal combinations based on mucoadhesive properties

“…Fe preparations in the form of inorganic compounds were immediately utilized by Mtb which has an energy management system that also uses SOD with porphyrin which can chelate a Fe in atomic concentration [8]. Therefore, Fe in a complex form with active polyherbal compounds as the bioinorganic compound may be the most potential solution [9]. This decision was taken because TB therapy using complex compounds that work synergistically is needed.…”