Bioimpedance phase angle and sarcopenia in older patients with prostate cancer

Abstract

Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors associated with the bioimpedance phase angle (PhA) in older patients with prostate cancer, and to determine the optimal cutoff for the PhA in patients with sarcopenia and prostate cancer. Methods This retrospective cross‐sectional analysis enrolled patients with prostate cancer aged ≥60 years. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass and PhA estimated by bioimpedance analysis, grip strength, the five‐time chair stand test, gait speed, the Short Physical Performance Battery, the 2‐min walk test and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form were obtained at enrollment. The diagnosis of sarcopenia was based on the 2019 consensus of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. Results In total, 119 male participants (mean age = 70.7 ± 6.1 years) were available for analysis. A multivariable linear regression model revealed that age, body mass index and the maximal grip strength value were associated with the PhA. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value of the PhA for sarcopenia diagnosis was 0.77 (95% confidence interval 0.64–0.90, P < 0.001), with a PhA cutoff value of 4.87°. Conclusions PhA estimated by bioimpedance analysis may be utilized as useful clinical biomarker for reflecting muscle strength and sarcopenia in older patients with prostate cancer. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 623–627.

Phase angle derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis as a marker for predicting sarcopenia

“…Based on the results above ( Table 1 ), we find that, in terms of cancer, low PhA is associated with sarcopenia risk in patients, particularly in gastric cancer ( 25 ), colorectal cancer ( 24 ), and prostate cancer ( 26 ). However, PhA has only been proven to be associated with malnutrition rather than sarcopenia in some types of cancers ( 29 – 34 ).…”

“…Following extensive studies that compared patients with cancer to those without it, the former have been found to have a higher risk of developing cachexia, which can easily result in malnutrition and muscle loss, and lead to sarcopenia ( 6 , 23 ). Based on the EWGSOP diagnosis criteria for sarcopenia, many studies have proved that a low PhA predicts sarcopenia risk in patients with colorectal cancer ( 24 ), gastric cancer ( 25 ), and prostate cancer ( 26 ). A cross-sectional study conducted with 124 patients in total with solid or hematologic cancer found that a low PhA is highly correlated with a high risk of sarcopenia [odds ratio (OR) = 1.74; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03–2.93; P < 0.035], after adjusting for hydration ( 27 ).…”

Phase Angle as a Marker of Physical Function in Non-Sarcopenic Rheumatoid Arthritis

“…The BIA-derived PhA holds promise in clinical settings due to its ease of measurement and reliable representation of nutritional status and muscle mass in sarcopenic and cancer patients [ 12 , 16 , 24 , 25 ]. Therefore, we investigated the value of BIA-derived PhA in non-sarcopenic RA patients.…”

“…The BIA-derived phase angle (PhA) reflects cellular health and is correlated with the prognosis of various diseases [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Recent studies have emphasized its potential for diagnosing sarcopenia [ 12 ]. A low PhA is associated with diminished muscle strength [ 13 ], and is prevalent in sarcopenic patients [ 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

“…Additionally, PhA has been validated as a useful biomarker for the assessment of nutritional status, which is able to predict disease-related malnutrition [ 9 , 18 ]. Recent studies have also highlighted its role in identifying sarcopenia, noting that a lower PhA is linked to diminished muscle strength and/or functionality [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. In particular, lower PhA was associated with decreased grip strength value in elderly patients with prostate cancer [ 12 ], those experiencing acute stroke [ 19 ], and those with chronic kidney disease [ 20 ] Moreover, a low PhA may predict increased fall risk in geriatric populations [ 17 ].…”