Bioimpedance and Impedance Vector Patterns as Predictors of League Level in Male Soccer Players

Abstract

In conclusion, soccer players belong to a specific population. Muscle mass and function, as indicated by BCM and phase angle, increase with increasing performance level. The soccer-specific tolerance ellipses might be used for classifying individual vectors and to define target regions for low-level players.

Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) for measuring the hydration status in young elite synchronized swimmers

“…Furthermore, with increasing age and performance level of the athletes (Fig 3), a displacement to the left was also observed, due to a decrease in the R/h component in the absence of a difference in the Xc/h component. Other studies [15, 29, 47] have also reported vectors of sport samples shifted to the left when compared to their reference populations, which might reflect the specific adaptations of body composition in different sports [72]. Additionally, vectors shifted to the left have been reported with increasing age [15] and performance level [47] in sport samples.…”

“…Other studies [15, 29, 47] have also reported vectors of sport samples shifted to the left when compared to their reference populations, which might reflect the specific adaptations of body composition in different sports [72]. Additionally, vectors shifted to the left have been reported with increasing age [15] and performance level [47] in sport samples. It remains to be investigated whether the differences are the result of vector displacement due to biological maturation, to the specific training process or a combination of both.…”

“…Nowadays, BIVA is a widely used technique in medicine as a valid tool in the assessment of different physiological states and clinical conditions in which euhydration is frequently altered, such as renal disease [41], critically ill patients [42], pulmonary disease [43], heart failure [44], gastrointestinal disease [45], and pregnancy and postpartum [46]. Its properties are especially interesting for hydration assessments in both the training process and competitive sporting events [16, 47]. …”

“…The comparison of BIA vector distribution values of SS athletes with that of other sports practitioners is difficult due to the absence of values for female athletes and differences in age and gender with regard to the only study that, to our knowledge, has provided a characterization of a sport-specific population, i.e. male soccer players [47]. Nevertheless, a comparison between SS and reference populations or between both groups of swimmers according to their age can be discussed.…”

Cambios de la composición corporal tras un periodo de desentrenamiento deportivo

“…Con respecto a la BIA, el análisis de los vectores de impedancia es una herramienta que permite estudiar los cambios de la hidratación corporal y de la masa celular, sin la influencia del modelo matemático utilizado para estimar la composición corporal (18). Utilizando los vectores estimados a partir de las medidas físicas de la BIA, como la resistencia y la reactancia, normalizadas para la altura (19), se ha demostrado en jugadores de fútbol de élite que el acortamiento de estos vectores indica una desviación hacia elipses de mayor hidratación y masa celular (20). El desentrenamiento asociado a la ausencia de cargas de competición es una razón suficiente para provocar alteraciones de la CC susceptibles de ser evaluadas con precisión, por ejemplo, con la BIA; sin embargo, estas han sido poco estudiadas rigurosamente en jóvenes deportistas.…”