Biohydrocarbons Production under Standard Refinery Conditions by means of a Representative Ketal Compound of Biocrude

Batalha, Nuno; Pinto, Joana F.; Ferreira, Heitor Breno Pereira; Baptista, Daniella C.; Miranda, Leandro S. M.; Pereira, Marcelo Maciel

doi:10.1002/ente.201600313

Cited by 16 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Previous results, using labeled DX in xylofuranose carbons, showed the absence of labeled carbon in paraffins and olefins. Thus these compounds were almost exclusively derived from nhexane conversion [15]. Yet, the contribution of isopropylidene groups cannot be ruled out.…”

Section: Catalyst Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An alternative route that can potentially overcome the above limitations is the transformation of biomass into a bio-crude by ketalization reaction (using the idea of protective reaction from organic chemistry) [14] followed by catalytic conversion either in a FCC or a hydro conversion unit in fixed-bed reactors. [15] The proposed bio-crude is composed of ketal-sugar derivatives like [16]. Recently this idea to produce such a bio-crude allowed to avoid degradation of carbohydrates during the depolymerisation reaction of wood, however the authors did not realize the potential of this approach to provide an appropriate feed that could be converted in the regular refineries [17].…”

Section: -Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Green-aromatic production in typical conditions of fluidized catalytic cracking

Pinto

Lam

Pereira

et al. 2019

Fuel

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The production of green hydrocarbons in the standard refinery has significant potential to reduce our reliance on oil and shorten the path to sustainability. Second-generation biomass can help to achieve this objective yet presents important drawbacks. It is majorly composed of reactive compounds and features low density. These features could be overcome by previously transforming the biomass by ketalization reaction into a bio-crude mainly composed by ketal-sugar derivatives. In this work, a representative compound of the bio-crude class, i.e. 1,2:3,5-di-O-isopropylidene-α-d-xylofuranose (DX) were used in up to 50 wt.% mixtures in n-hexane was converted in a laboratory scale fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) reactor. A commercial and a simplified FCC catalyst were used. Converting a mixture of 30% DX in n-hexane in the presence of a commercial catalyst gave 42.3% aromatics in the liquid product, while pure n-hexane gave merely 8.9%. The use of deactivated catalysts further reduced the coke yield to half of the fresh one. The nature of the coke on the spent catalyst is exclusively composed by carbon and hydrogen, demonstrating that DX is easily deoxygenated. The n-hexane conversion slight reduced in the presence of DX, and did not reduce the stability of the catalyst through micropore blocking. This work demonstrates that adding DX allows to contributes to high bio-aromatic production in FCC and that products distribution is remarkably affected by the type of catalyst used.

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Section: Catalyst Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: -Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green-aromatic production in typical conditions of fluidized catalytic cracking

Pinto

Lam

Pereira

et al. 2019

Fuel

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“…Upgrading biocrude with activated charcoal changes the color from dark to a more colorless product . Upgrading the biocrude ketal‐derived compounds has also been reported .…”

Section: Microalgal Htlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[33,35]. The common HTL product upgrading process might apply physical and chemical separation through application of filters, solvents, distillation, hydrogenation, cracking, esterification, and hybrid processes [27,35,38,54,71,72]. For upgrading biocrude by hydroprocessing [54,70] continuous one or two-step reactor systems with or without catalyst might be applied [34,70,[73][74][75].…”

Section: Upgrading Of Htl Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous Hydrothermal Liquefaction for Biofuel and Biocrude Production from Microalgal Feedstock

Lababpour¹

2018

ChemBioEng Reviews

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Microalgal biomass processing by continuous hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) has recently received much interest and can be used to convert microalgal biomass to biocrude oil and drop‐in fuels. This review focuses on the conversion of microalgae biomass to energy production through continuous HTL processes. In addition, processes for upgrading feedstocks and biocrude are also discussed. The feed of the biomass slurry is treated according to size and moisture regulations. Following separation of the gaseous, liquid, and solid phases, the determination of elemental, physical, and chemical fragments, yield of energy, and other properties of the various products is carried out. Homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts improve the biocrude yield and quality as does higher moisture content. The high percentage of N2 and O2 in the feedstock results in lower quality products. This may be resolved through pre‐processing of the biomass, controlling of HTL processes conditions, and post‐upgrading processing of the HTL products. The promising potential of microalgae biomass for biocrude and drop‐in fuels may have an important contribution to the world's renewable energy sources through HTL in the near future.

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“…Secondly, the feasibility of producing hydrocarbons, especially aromatics, using typical model components of the ketal-bio-crude such as DX and DG were shown by a simplified catalytic protocol (Batalha et al, 2014, 2016). Our approach of circular economy for producing green-aromatics can be illustrated in Figure 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ketal Sugar Conversion Into Green Hydrocarbons by Faujasite Zeolite in a Typical Catalytic Cracking Process

et al. 2019

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Fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) converts hydrocarbons in the presence of a catalyst based on faujasite zeolite (USY and REY). While hydrocarbon is poorly reactive, biomass and its derived compounds are highly functionalized and not suitable to a typical FCC process. To overcome this limitation biomass was first converted into a dense and stable bio-crude composed mainly of ketal-sugar derivatives by using acetone in diluted acid. Here, a representative compound of this bio-crude, 1,2:3,5-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-xylofuranose (DX) in n-hexane, was converted by USY and a commercial FCC catalyst containing USY, at 500°C, in a fixed bed and fluidized bed reactors, respectively. Faujasite Y is very efficient in converting DX. More than 95% conversion was observed in all tests. Over 60 wt.% was liquid products, followed by gas products and only around 10% or less in coke. The higher the catalyst activity the greater the aromatics in the liquid products and yet higher coke yields were observed. In particular, simulating more practical application conditions: using deactivated catalyst in a fluidized bed reactor, improved green hydrocarbons production (mono-aromatic up to 10 carbons and light hydrocarbon up to eight carbons) and unprecedented lower coke yield (≈5 wt.%) for bio-feeds. The present results further suggest that catalyst will play a primary role to convert the bio-crude into target hydrocarbons and overcome the transition of a non-renewable to a renewable refinery feed.

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Biohydrocarbons Production under Standard Refinery Conditions by means of a Representative Ketal Compound of Biocrude

Cited by 16 publications

References 63 publications

Green-aromatic production in typical conditions of fluidized catalytic cracking

Green-aromatic production in typical conditions of fluidized catalytic cracking

Continuous Hydrothermal Liquefaction for Biofuel and Biocrude Production from Microalgal Feedstock

Ketal Sugar Conversion Into Green Hydrocarbons by Faujasite Zeolite in a Typical Catalytic Cracking Process

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