Bioheat Transfer

Valvano, Jonathan W.

doi:10.1002/0471732877.emd015

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The thermal effect due to the absorbed incident light is modeled using the bioheat transfer mechanism [40]. The algorithm analyzes the temperature distribution and heating profile when the heat is applied to the tissue.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Modeling of the Photon Transport, Tissue Heating, and Cytochrome C Oxidase Absorption during Transcranial Near-Infrared Stimulation

Bhattacharya

Dutta

2019

Brain Sciences

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Transcranial near-infrared stimulation (tNIRS) has been proposed as a tool to modulate cortical excitability. However, the underlying mechanisms are not clear where the heating effects on the brain tissue needs investigation due to increased near-infrared (NIR) absorption by water and fat. Moreover, the risk of localized heating of tissues (including the skin) during optical stimulation of the brain tissue is a concern. The challenge in estimating localized tissue heating is due to the light interaction with the tissues’ constituents, which is dependent on the combination ratio of the scattering and absorption properties of the constituent. Here, apart from tissue heating that can modulate the cortical excitability (“photothermal effects”); the other mechanism reported in the literature is the stimulation of the mitochondria in the cells which are active in the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis. In the mitochondrial respiratory chain, Complex IV, also known as the cytochrome c oxidase (CCO), is the unit four with three copper atoms. The absorption peaks of CCO are in the visible (420–450 nm and 600–700 nm) and the near-infrared (760–980 nm) spectral regions, which have been shown to be promising for low-level light therapy (LLLT), also known as “photobiomodulation”. While much higher CCO absorption peaks in the visible spectrum can be used for the photobiomodulation of the skin, 810 nm has been proposed for the non-invasive brain stimulation (using tNIRS) due to the optical window in the NIR spectral region. In this article, we applied a computational approach to delineate the “photothermal effects” from the “photobiomodulation”, i.e., to estimate the amount of light absorbed individually by each chromophore in the brain tissue (with constant scattering) and the related tissue heating. Photon migration simulations were performed for motor cortex tNIRS based on a prior work that used a 500 mW cm − 2 light source placed on the scalp. We simulated photon migration at 630 nm and 700 nm (red spectral region) and 810 nm (near-infrared spectral region). We found a temperature increase in the scalp below 0.25 °C and a minimal temperature increase in the gray matter less than 0.04 °C at 810 nm. Similar heating was found for 630 nm and 700 nm used for LLLT, so photothermal effects are postulated to be unlikely in the brain tissue.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Modeling of the Photon Transport, Tissue Heating, and Cytochrome C Oxidase Absorption during Transcranial Near-Infrared Stimulation

Bhattacharya

Dutta

2019

Brain Sciences

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“…All heat transfer between tissue and blood is assumed to occur in the capillary bed. Many studies have shown this to be erroneous and more complex and rigorous models of heat transfer within tissue have been developed [50][51][52]. An excellent review of bioheat transfer models is provided in [53].…”

Section: Heat Transfer In Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical Modeling for Hepatic Microwave Ablation

Prakash¹

2010

TOBEJ

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Thermal tissue ablation is an interventional procedure increasingly being used for treatment of diverse medical conditions. Microwave ablation is emerging as an attractive modality for thermal therapy of large soft tissue targets in short periods of time, making it particularly suitable for ablation of hepatic and other tumors. Theoretical models of the ablation process are a powerful tool for predicting the temperature profile in tissue and resultant tissue damage created by ablation devices. These models play an important role in the design and optimization of devices for microwave tissue ablation. Furthermore, they are a useful tool for exploring and planning treatment delivery strategies. This review describes the status of theoretical models developed for microwave tissue ablation. It also reviews current challenges, research trends and progress towards development of accurate models for high temperature microwave tissue ablation.

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“…37 Three major mechanisms of heat exchange participate in the thermal energy balanceconvection, conduction, and radiation, in addition to a phase change, evaporation. The conservation of energy within the human body poises the internal production (sources) and loss (sinks; e.g., [105]):…”

Section: Bioheat Transfer In Physiology and Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofluid Flow and Heat Transfer

Thiriet¹,

Sheu²,

Garon³

2016

Handbook of Fluid Dynamics, Second Edition

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2nd EditionInternational audienceMajor moving biological fluids, or biofluids, are blood and air that cooperate to bring oxygento the body’s cells and eliminate carbon dioxide produced by these cells. Blood is conveyed ina closed network composed of 2 circuits in series — the systemic and pulmonary circulation—, each constituted by arteries, capillaries, and veins, under the synchronized action of theleft and right cardiac pumps, respectively. Air is successively inhaled from and exhaled to theatmosphere through the airway openings (nose and/or mouth). In the head, blood generatesthe cerebrospinal fluid in choroid plexi of all compartments of the ventricular system andreceives it in arachnoid villi. Other biofluids are either secreted, such as bile from the liverand breast milk that both transport released substances with specific tasks, or excreted,such as urine from kidneys or sweat from skin glands that both convey useless materials andwaste produced by the cell metabolism. In addition to the convective transport, peristalsis,which results from the radial contraction and relaxation of mural smooth muscles, propelsthe content of the lumen of the muscular bioconduit (e.g., digestive tract) in an anterogradedirection.Blood circulation and air flow in the respiratory tract are widely explored because oftheir vital functions. Note that inhaled air is transported through the respiratory tract bytwo processes: convection down to bronchioles and diffusion down to pulmonary alveoli.1Furthermore, investigations of these physiological flows in deformable bioconduits give riseto models such as the Starling resistance that themselves become object of new study fieldsin physics and mechanics (e.g., collapsible tubes) as well as of new developments in math-ematical modeling and scientific computing. Whereas fluid–structure interaction problemsin aeronautics and civil engineering deal with materials of distinct properties, blood streamand vessel wall correspond to two domains of nearly equal physical properties, as both bloodand vessels have densities close to that of water. New processing strategies must then beconceived

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Bioheat Transfer

Abstract: This article presents the characteristics of bioheat transfer that distinguish it from nonliving systems, including the effects of blood perfusion on temperature distribution, coupling with biochemical processes, therapeutic and injury processes, and thermoregulation.

Cited by 28 publications

References 34 publications

Computational Modeling of the Photon Transport, Tissue Heating, and Cytochrome C Oxidase Absorption during Transcranial Near-Infrared Stimulation

Computational Modeling of the Photon Transport, Tissue Heating, and Cytochrome C Oxidase Absorption during Transcranial Near-Infrared Stimulation

Theoretical Modeling for Hepatic Microwave Ablation

Biofluid Flow and Heat Transfer

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