Biogeography of Phragmites australis lineages in the southwestern United States

Lambert, Adam; Saltonstall, Kristin; Long, Randall W.; Dudley, Tom L.

doi:10.1007/s10530-016-1164-8

Cited by 30 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…Both native and introduced lineages co‐occur in the southwestern United States (Saltonstall, ). Although the introduced lineage (haplotype M; Saltonstall, ) is a recent arrival in the area (Kulmatiski et al., ; Kettenring and Mock, ) and rare over much of this range, hybridization has occurred, and hybrids are locally abundant in Las Vegas, Nevada (Lambert et al., ; Saltonstall et al., ). Hybridization has occurred bidirectionally, but only one hybrid stand with a native maternal line has been confirmed (Saltonstall et al., ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The distribution of introduced Phragmites in the southwestern United States is relatively limited (Saltonstall, ) and confined to metropolitan centers associated with modified water resources and eutrophication (Lambert et al., ). Kettenring and Mock () found that introduced Phragmites in Idaho and Utah has greater genetic diversity among individuals, but lower genetic diversity among populations, which could be due to bottleneck effects and abiotic differences in climate and soil types in this area compared to eastern North America (Lambert et al., ). Native Phragmites is genetically diverse in the Southwest with four chloroplast haplotypes present (haplotypes A, B, H, and AR) and is found across the region, generally in mixed plant communities (Lambert et al., ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trin. ex Steudel (Poaceae) (hereafter referred to as native and introduced Phragmites ), are found across much of North America with hybridization between lineages considered extremely rare until recently (Saltonstall, ; Wu et al., ; Saltonstall et al., , ; Lambert et al., ). The decline of native Phragmites populations in eastern North America is closely correlated with the rapid expansion of the introduced, European lineage (Saltonstall, ).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The decline of native Phragmites populations in eastern North America is closely correlated with the rapid expansion of the introduced, European lineage (Saltonstall, ). In western North America, where this invasion of introduced Phragmites is more recent (first herbarium record in Utah, 1993; Kulmatiski et al., ; Kettenring and Mock, ), native Phragmites occurs as ecotypes (each with potentially unique genetic composition) in rivers and isolated wetlands (Lambert et al., ). However, in some locations where these lineages co‐occur, hybrids are abundant and spreading (Saltonstall et al., ).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Does hybrid Phragmites australis differ from native and introduced lineages in reproductive, genetic, and morphological traits?

Williams

Lambert

Long

et al. 2019

American J of Botany

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Premise of the Study Hybridization between previously isolated species or lineages can stimulate invasiveness because of increased genetic diversity and inherited traits facilitating competitive and reproductive potential. We evaluated differences in stand characteristics and sexual and vegetative reproduction among native, introduced, and hybrid Phragmites australis lineages in the southwestern United States. We also assessed the degree of hybridization among lineages and backcrossing of hybrids with parental lineages. Methods Growth and morphological characteristics were measured in native, introduced, and hybrid Phragmites stands to evaluate relative cover and dominance in associated plant communities. Panicles were collected from stands to evaluate germination, dormancy, and differences in seed traits. Seedlings from germination trials were genotyped to determine frequency of crossing and backcrossing among lineages. Key Results Introduced and hybrid Phragmites stands had significantly greater stem and panicle densities than native stands and were more likely to be dominant members of their respective plant communities. Hybrid seed outputs were significantly greater, but hybrid seeds had lower germination rates than those from native and introduced lineages. We detected a novel hybridization event between native and introduced lineages, but found no strong evidence of hybrids backcrossing with parental lineages. Conclusions Hybrid Phragmites in the Southwest exhibits reproductive, genetic, and morphological characteristics from both parental lineages that facilitate dispersal, establishment, and aggressive growth, including high reproductive output, rhizome viability, and aboveground biomass, with smaller seeds and greater genetic diversity than its progenitors. Our results show hybrids can inherit traits that confer invasiveness and provide insight for managing this species complex and other cryptic species with native and introduced variants with potential for intraspecific hybridization.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does hybrid Phragmites australis differ from native and introduced lineages in reproductive, genetic, and morphological traits?

Williams

Lambert

Long

et al. 2019

American J of Botany

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“…Today 17 native Phragmites australis ssp. americanus (Meyerson et al 2012;Saltonstall 2016), 8 non-native P. australis haplotypes (K, L, M, M1, P, Q, AD, AI) (Hauber et al 2011;Lambertini et al 2012a;Meyerson and Cronin 2013;Lambert et al 2016) and one P. australis var. berlandieri haplotype (Saltonstall 2002) have been found in North America.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heteroplasmy due to chloroplast paternal leakage: another insight into Phragmites haplotypic diversity in North America

Lambertini

2016

Biol Invasions

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Chloroplasts contain several copies of their DNA, and intra-individual haplotypic variation (heteroplasmy) is common in plants, but unexplored in the cosmopolitan genus Phragmites. The aims of this study were to assess if heteroplasmy due to paternal leakage of the chloroplast occurs in Phragmites and which new insights into the evolutionary history of Phragmites australis in North America can be identified from the heteroplasmic variation. Eight nonnative P. australis haplotypes occur in North America and can interbreed with P. australis ssp. americanus and P. australis var. berlandieri, creating opportunities for biparental inheritance of distinctive haplotypes. The polymorphism in the trnT-trnL sequence length revealed seventeen cases of heteroplasmy worldwide, in contact zones of distantly related haplotypes and in known hybrid populations, nine of which occurred in North America. In America, the cloned sequences, combined with nuclear markers, identified recombined haplotypes between native P. australis ssp. americanus and invasive P. australis haplotype M, and between the species P. mauritianus and P. australis, due to chloroplast paternal leakage. The occurrence of heteroplasmy and recombined haplotypes suggest a local origin for some of the rare non-native haplotypes occurring in North America, and plastid leakage events in the evolutionary histories of P. australis ssp. americanus and P. australis var. berlandieri.

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DNA assays for genetic discrimination of threePhragmites australissubspecies in the United States

et al. 2023

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To genetically discriminate subspecies of the common reed (Phragmites australis), we developed real-time quantitative (qPCR) assays for identifying P. australis subsp. americanus, P. australis subsp. australis, and P. australis subsp. berlandieri. Methods and Results: Utilizing study-generated chloroplast DNA sequences, we developed three novel qPCR assays. Assays were verified on individuals of each subspecies and against two non-target species, Arundo donax and Phalaris arundinacea. One assay amplifies only P. australis subsp. americanus, one amplifies P. australis subsp. australis and/or P. australis subsp. berlandieri, and one amplifies P. australis subsp. americanus and/or P. australis subsp. australis. This protocol enhances currently available rapid identification methods by providing genetic discrimination of all three subspecies. Conclusions: The newly developed assays were validated using P. australis samples from across the United States. Application of these assays outside of this geographic range should be preceded by additional testing.

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Biogeography of Phragmites australis lineages in the southwestern United States

Cited by 30 publications

References 47 publications

Does hybrid Phragmites australis differ from native and introduced lineages in reproductive, genetic, and morphological traits?

Does hybrid Phragmites australis differ from native and introduced lineages in reproductive, genetic, and morphological traits?

Heteroplasmy due to chloroplast paternal leakage: another insight into Phragmites haplotypic diversity in North America

DNA assays for genetic discrimination of threePhragmites australissubspecies in the United States

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