Biogeography of Ericoid Mycorrhiza

Kohout, Petr

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-56363-3_9

Cited by 35 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…DNA‐ and RNA‐based molecular identification techniques have greatly improved our understanding of biodiversity and ecology of mycorrhizal fungi (Nilsson et al ., ). Well‐curated reference databases enable distinguishing between EcM and AM fungi at the species level, but poorly so for ErM fungi because of highly fragmented information about the functionality of root‐associated fungi of Ericaceae (Kohout, ). Besides species‐level identification, high‐throughput sequencing (HTS) methods allow determination of the relative proportion of fungal guilds.…”

Section: Methodological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycorrhizal types differ in ecophysiology and alter plant nutrition and soil processes

2019

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Mycorrhizal fungi benefit plants by improved mineral nutrition and protection against stress, yet information about fundamental differences among mycorrhizal types in fungi and trees and their relative importance in biogeochemical processes is only beginning to accumulate. We critically review and synthesize the ecophysiological differences in ectomycorrhizal, ericoid mycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses and the effect of these mycorrhizal types on soil processes from local to global scales. We demonstrate that guilds of mycorrhizal fungi display substantial differences in genome‐encoded capacity for mineral nutrition, particularly acquisition of nitrogen and phosphorus from organic material. Mycorrhizal associations alter the trade‐off between allocation to roots or mycelium, ecophysiological traits such as root exudation, weathering, enzyme production, plant protection, and community assembly as well as response to climate change. Mycorrhizal types exhibit differential effects on ecosystem carbon and nutrient cycling that affect global elemental fluxes and may mediate biome shifts in response to global change. We also note that most studies performed to date have not been properly replicated and collectively suffer from strong geographical sampling bias towards temperate biomes. We advocate that combining carefully replicated field experiments and controlled laboratory experiments with isotope labelling and ‐omics techniques offers great promise towards understanding differences in ecophysiology and ecosystem services among mycorrhizal types.

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Section: Methodological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycorrhizal types differ in ecophysiology and alter plant nutrition and soil processes

2019

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“…For EcM, incorrect diagnosis usually stems from poor understanding of mycorrhizal root anatomy and development (Brundrett, , ; Kohout, ; Tedersoo & Brundrett, ). In particular, studies that disregarded the importance of the Hartig net and mantle, the defining features of EcM, need to be carefully evaluated.…”

Section: Mistakes In Mycorrhizal Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Root endophytes, of which dark septate fungi are best known, form resting structures that are sometimes mistaken as AM vesicles (Mandyam & Jumpponen, ). The situation is ever more complicated in orchid and ericoid mycorrhizas, because the functional symbiotic fungi may be phylogenetically closely related to taxa that commonly grow endophytically inside roots of other plants (Kohout, ; Martino et al ., ; Selosse et al ., ). The issue of distinguishing mycorrhizal from endophytic root colonization by fungi is further complicated by advanced DNA sequencing methods that enable detection of fungi represented by a few hyphae from roots (e.g.…”

Section: Mistakes In Mycorrhizal Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Misdiagnosis of mycorrhizas and inappropriate recycling of data can lead to false conclusions

Brundrett

Tedersoo

2018

New Phytologist

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We draw attention to a worrying trend for the uncritical use of 'recycled' mycorrhizal data to compile host species lists that include obvious errors or undertake risky analyses that correlate mycorrhizal colonisation levels with environmental or physiological factors despite inherent limitations in datasets. We are not suggesting that all meta-studies are wrong, only that more care should be taken to resolve what can safely be done with recycled mycorrhizal data in the future. We also recommend that mycorrhizal species lists should be checked against standard references since the majority of EM hosts and NM plant belong to families that are well resolved. However, additional research is required in cases where plant families have multiple root types within genera or occur in habitats where mycorrhizal associations are often suppressed (see Brundrett & Tedersoo, 2018). We hope that the mycorrhizal science community will work together more closely in the future to develop and enforce standards for mycorrhizal diagnosis and to share carefully corrected datasets for realistic meta-studies.

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“…In addition, some evidence emphasizes the importance of stochastic processes in structuring the chance of encountering partners in AM plant–fungal associations (Davison et al ., ; Encinas‐Viso et al ., ). Ericoid mycorrhizal (ErM) symbiosis involves the crown group of the Ericaceae plant family and a diverse range of ascomycete and some basidiomycete fungal lineages that are common soil saprotrophs and root endophytes (Kohout, ). In spite of occurring in only 1% of angiosperm species, ErM symbiosis has a nearly global distribution with higher abundance in habitats in which harsh conditions limit decomposition and plant nutrient uptake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host preference and network properties in biotrophic plant–fungal associations

et al. 2017

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Analytical methods can offer insights into the structure of biological networks, but mechanisms that determine the structure of these networks remain unclear. We conducted a synthesis based on 111 previously published datasets to assess a range of ecological and evolutionary mechanisms that may influence the plant-associated fungal interaction networks. We calculated the relative host effect on fungal community composition and compared nestedness and modularity among different mycorrhizal types and endophytic fungal guilds. We also assessed how plant-fungal network structure was related to host phylogeny, environmental and sampling properties. Orchid mycorrhizal fungal communities responded most strongly to host identity, but the effect of host was similar among all other fungal guilds. Community nestedness, which did not differ among fungal guilds, declined significantly with increasing mean annual precipitation on a global scale. Orchid and ericoid mycorrhizal fungal communities were more modular than ectomycorrhizal and root endophytic communities, with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in an intermediate position. Network properties among a broad suite of plant-associated fungi were largely comparable and generally unrelated to phylogenetic distance among hosts. Instead, network metrics were predominantly affected by sampling and matrix properties, indicating the importance of study design in properly inferring ecological patterns.

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Biogeography of Ericoid Mycorrhiza

Cited by 35 publications

References 81 publications

Mycorrhizal types differ in ecophysiology and alter plant nutrition and soil processes

Mycorrhizal types differ in ecophysiology and alter plant nutrition and soil processes

Misdiagnosis of mycorrhizas and inappropriate recycling of data can lead to false conclusions

Host preference and network properties in biotrophic plant–fungal associations

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