Biogeography and Phylogeny of Cardamine (Brassicaceae)<sup>1</sup>

Carlsen, Tor; Bleeker, Walter; Hurka, Herbert; Elven, Reidar; Brochmann, Christian

doi:10.3417/2007047

Cited by 69 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…A recent phylogenetic analysis of Cardamine based on extensive genus-wide sampling and sequencing of nuclear ITS and two cpDNA regions resulted in limited overall resolution, suggesting recent and rapid speciation (Carlsen 2007;Carlsen et al 2008). The results highlighted the importance of repeated polyploidizations; most resolved groups contained both diploids and polyploids, including several very high-polyploids.…”

Section: Pleistocene Speciation Resulting In Species Recognised Taxonmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Arctic – an evolutionary freezer?

Brochmann

Brysting

2008

Plant Ecology & Diversity

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Traditionally, the Arctic has been viewed as an 'evolutionary freezer' with low evolutionary rates caused by extreme environmental constraints and depauperated by repeated glaciations. This view has been modified in recent years. Here we summarise recent studies demonstrating a very high diversity relative to the age of the arctic ecosystem (2-3 million years). Arctic species' diversity is underestimated in the sense that most arctic plants are polyploids, combining the genomes of several ancestral species and that they may contain considerable hidden diversity as cryptic species. There are now many examples of arctic species that originated in the Pleistocene, via divergent evolution or successively higher-level polyploidizations, following hybridization. Apart from genetic diversity associated with polyploid origin, many arctic plants show considerable variation both within and among populations. Genetic diversity varies with breeding system, frequency of inter-and intraspecific hybridization, and history in terms of refugial isolation and range shifts. Many cold-adapted species probably proliferated in vast tundra populations during most of the Pleistocene, followed by broad-fronted postglacial recolonisation resulting in little loss of genetic diversity. Migration at the beginning and end of warm and cold periods is likely to be an important driver of diversification. Molecular data have now provided ample evidence for extreme long-distant colonisation ability of many arctic plants. Local variants may thus spread over vast distances and create multiple hotspots for evolutionary novelty, and it is possible that even small differences in immigration history may have a considerable effect on the evolutionary emergence of diversity.

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Section: Pleistocene Speciation Resulting In Species Recognised Taxonmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Arctic – an evolutionary freezer?

Brochmann

Brysting

2008

Plant Ecology & Diversity

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“…This large genus contains more than 150, predominantly annual species (Al-Shehbaz et al, 2006) and is distributed worldwide, several due to anthropogenic spread (Yatsu et al, 2003;Lihová et al, 2006). The genus Cardamine is a holoarctic genus with a Eurasian centre of diversity (Carlsen et al, 2009), and an estimated age of 6.2 million years (Koch et al, 2000;Haubold and Wiehe, 2001). The habitats of the species in this genus range from natural woodland to anthropogenic formed wasteland.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of diversity in Albugo is driven by high host specificity and multiple speciation events on closely related Brassicaceae

Ploch

Choi

Rost

et al. 2010

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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“…Alternatively, the mesopolyploid event could have occurred in Eurasia/North America and the allopolyploid alone migrated to Australia. Several cases of intercontinental long-distance dispersals were documented (Mummenhoff and Franzke, 2007), including the crucifer genera Cardamine (Carlsen et al, 2009) and Lepidium (Dierschke et al, 2009). A single or multiple polyploidization event(s) was followed by species radiation and reduction of chromosome number.…”

Section: Evolutionary Scenario Of the Mesopolyploid Wgd Eventmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Diploidization in Close Mesopolyploid Relatives ofArabidopsis

et al. 2010

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Mesopolyploid whole-genome duplication (WGD) was revealed in the ancestry of Australian Brassicaceae species with diploid-like chromosome numbers (n = 4 to 6). Multicolor comparative chromosome painting was used to reconstruct complete cytogenetic maps of the cryptic ancient polyploids. Cytogenetic analysis showed that the karyotype of the Australian Camelineae species descended from the eight ancestral chromosomes (n = 8) through allopolyploid WGD followed by the extensive reduction of chromosome number. Nuclear and maternal gene phylogenies corroborated the hybrid origin of the mesotetraploid ancestor and suggest that the hybridization event occurred ;6 to 9 million years ago.The four, five, and six fusion chromosome pairs of the analyzed close relatives of Arabidopsis thaliana represent complex mosaics of duplicated ancestral genomic blocks reshuffled by numerous chromosome rearrangements. Unequal reciprocal translocations with or without preceeding pericentric inversions and purported end-to-end chromosome fusions accompanied by inactivation and/or loss of centromeres are hypothesized to be the main pathways for the observed chromosome number reduction. Our results underline the significance of multiple rounds of WGD in the angiosperm genome evolution and demonstrate that chromosome number per se is not a reliable indicator of ploidy level.

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Biogeography and Phylogeny of Cardamine (Brassicaceae)¹

Cited by 69 publications

References 53 publications

The Arctic – an evolutionary freezer?

The Arctic – an evolutionary freezer?

Evolution of diversity in Albugo is driven by high host specificity and multiple speciation events on closely related Brassicaceae

Fast Diploidization in Close Mesopolyploid Relatives ofArabidopsis

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Biogeography and Phylogeny of Cardamine (Brassicaceae)1

Cited by 69 publications

References 53 publications

The Arctic – an evolutionary freezer?

The Arctic – an evolutionary freezer?

Evolution of diversity in Albugo is driven by high host specificity and multiple speciation events on closely related Brassicaceae

Fast Diploidization in Close Mesopolyploid Relatives ofArabidopsis

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Biogeography and Phylogeny of Cardamine (Brassicaceae)¹