Biogeography and Ecology of the Alstroemeriaceae-Luzuriagaceae Clade in the High-Mountain Regions of Central and South America

Pollen morphology and infrageneric classification ofAlstroemeriaL. (Alstroemeriaceae)

“…Among the Chilean species, the smallest pollen grains of A. polyphylla may represent its exceptional geographical distribution. Alstroemeria polyphylla and A. kingii are adapted and endemic to the Atacama Desert, one of the driest parts of the world (Hofreiter, 2007). Water availability may affect the pollen morphology; reduced pollen size resulting from dry soil conditions has been suggested by Stanley and Linskens (1974) to be related to a general depression of synthesis and growth during the onset of meiosis.…”

“…The striate-reticulate exine sculpture of pollen might represent an entomophilous (or insect pollinated) mode of pollination in Alstroemeria (Dahgren & Clifford, 1982;Aker & Healy, 1990;Bayer, 1998;Hofreiter, 2007). A general relationship between pollen morphology and the pollen vectors of anemophilous and entomophilous species has been known for decades (Wodehouse, 1935).…”

“…In the AHC dendrogram, Cluster 1, the largest cluster in terms of species number, comprises mainly taxa from central Chile (Hofreiter, 2007) and only one Brazilian species, Alstroemeria isabellana ( Figure 8). Alstroemeria aurea has a wide geographical spread and its ecotypes are believed to be the ancestor of all other Chilean species (Han et al, 2000).…”

“…The number of genera in Alstroemeriaceae varies from two to five (Aker & Healy, 1990;Bayer, 1998;Aagesen & Sanso, 2003;Hofreiter, 2007;Hoshino, 2008). The circumscription and taxonomic relationships between the two largest and closely related genera, Alstroemeria and Bomarea, have been controversial as well, as some species have been published under both generic names with different epithets (Sanso & Xifreda, 2001).…”

Leaf fossils of Luzuriaga and a monocot flower with in situ pollen of Liliacidites contortus Mildenh. & Bannister sp. nov. (Alstroemeriaceae) from the Early Miocene

“…Data were also coded for Alstroemeria and Bomarea (Alstroemerioideae), the sister clade to Luzuriagoideae ( Chacón et al, 2012 ). Information on character states was also obtained from Wilkinson (1979) , Conover (1983Conover ( , 1991, Conran (1985Conran ( , 1987Conran ( , 1989, Arroyo and Leuenberger (1988) , Rodriguez and Marticorena (1988) , Bayer (1998b) , Conran and Clifford (1998) , Hofreiter andLyshede (2006) , Hofreiter (2007) , and Ellis et al (2009) , and the character and character states are defi ned in Appendix 1.…”