Biogeographic pattern of four endemic Pyropia from the east coast of Korea, including a new species, Pyropia retorta (Bangiaceae, Rhodophyta)

Abstract

Foliose species of the Bangiaceae (Porphyra s. l.) are very important in Korean fisheries, and their taxonomy and ecophysiology have received much attention because of the potential for developing or improving aquaculture techniques. Although 20 species of foliose Bangiales have been listed from the Korean coast, some of them remain uncertain and need further comparative morphological studies with molecular comparison. In this study, we confirm the distribution of four Pyropia species from the east coast of Korea, Pyropia kinositae, P. moriensis, P. onoi, and P. retorta sp. nov., based on morphology and rbcL sequence data. Although P. onoi was listed in North Korea in old floral works, its occurrence on the east coast of South Korea is first revealed in this study based on molecular data. P. kinositae and P. moriensis, which were originally described from Hokkaido, Japan, are first reported on the east coast of Korea in this study. Pyropia retorta sp. nov. and P. yezonesis share a similar thallus color and narrow spermatangial patches in the upper portion of the frond, and they have a sympatric distribution. However, P. retorta can be distinguished by the curled or twisted thalli and by molecular data. The biogeographic pattern of the two native species, P. kinositae and P. retorta, suggests that the east coast of Korea may have been a place of refugia during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), and then recolonized to the northern part of Japan through the restored East Korean Warm Current after the LGM.

Protective effects of extracts from six local strains of <italic>Pyropia yezoensis</italic> against oxidative damage <italic>in vitro</italic> and in zebrafish model

“…The different antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities of the seaweeds in the three areas indicated differences chemical compositions and different inhabited areas (Sanjeewa et al 2019). The climates of the eastern and western parts of Korean Peninsula are influenced by ocean currents (Tanaka et al 2012, Kim et al 2018b. Therefore, we believe that locations strongly influence the quality of Gim.…”

Seaweed cultivation and utilization of Korea

“…Also, 12 additional applications are being examined for registration . Completion of the mitochondrial genome sequencing in P. yezoensis and P. retorta could provide novel molecular markers for systematic study, and may help differentiate cultivars (Hwang et al 2014b, 2018b, Kim et al 2018.…”

An appraisal of the genus Pyropia (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) from southern Africa based on a multi-gene phylogeny, morphology and ecology, including the description of Pyropia meridionalis sp. nov.

“…75À80%) were transferred to the genus Pyropia following a taxonomic revision of the Bangiales based on molecular data (Sutherland et al, 2011). This, together with the use of molecular techniques in species discovery, has resulted in a great increase in the number of species of Pyropia worldwide (Broom et al, 1999(Broom et al, , 2004(Broom et al, , 2010Nelson et al, 2001, 2006, Nelson, 2013Mols-Mortensen et al, 2012;Mateo-Cid et al, 2012;Nelson and D'Archino, 2014;S anchez et al, 2014, 2015Ramirez et al, 2014;Lindstrom et al, 2015Lindstrom et al, , 2018L opez-Vivas et al, 2015;Guillemin et al, 2016, Yang et al, 2018Koh and Kim, 2018;Kim et al, 2018;Dumilag and Yap, 2018). Many species have been discovered in the Southern Hemisphere, and species in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres tend to be regionally confined (Nelson et al, 2001(Nelson et al, , 2006Nelson, 2013;Brodie et al, 2007Brodie et al, , 2008Mateo-Cid et al, 2012;Nelson andD'Archino, 2014, Ramirez et al, 2014;Guillemin et al, 2016;Reddy et al, 2018).…”