Biogeografia historica de los calamares de la familia Loliginidae (Teuthoidea: Myopsida)

Abstract

RESUMEN.La clausura del Mar de Tetis y la apertura del Océano Atlántico jugarían un papel relevante en la historia de los calamares de la familia Loliginidae, lo que se reflejaría en su actual distribución nerítico-costera, según la hipótesis vicariante propuesta por Brakoniecki (1986). Este estudio evalúa esta hipótesis y otras ideas alternativas para entender la historia del grupo, sobre la base de una hipótesis filogenética, reconstruida con secuencias mitocondriales y nuclear, que incorpora la incertidumbre, permitiendo estimar tiempos de divergencia para sugerir un nuevo escenario histórico sustentado en la señal filogenética y reconstrucción de la distribución ancestral. Los resultados permiten inferir que Loliginidae se habría originado en el Pacífico Oeste durante el Paleoceno Tardío hace unos 59 Ma, y que durante su diversificación habrían ocurrido al menos 20 eventos de dispersión históricos y 6 de vicarianza. El primer evento de vicarianza fragmenta la distribución ancestral permaneciendo el ancestro de Sepioteuthis en el rango sur y la subfamilia Loligininae en el rango norte. Luego, sucesivos eventos de dispersión, y algunos de vicarianza desvinculados del movimiento de placas tectónicas y apertura del Océano Atlántico, modelaron su distribución. La presente inferencia apunta a un origen distinto al propuesto por Brakoniecki (Mar de Tetis), coherente con un centro de origen que sustenta la mayor diversidad de la familia, con predominancia de los procesos de dispersión (como se evidencia en todos los géneros considerados, salvo Heterololigo), restringidos a desplazamientos nerítico-costeros, que explicarían el patrón de distribución actual. Palabras clave: Loliginidae, biodiversidad, dispersión, filogenia, señal filogenética, vicarianza. Historical biogeography of the squids from the family Loliginidae (Teuthoidea: Myopsida)ABSTRACT. According to the vicariant hypothesis proposed by Brakoniecki (1986) the closure of the Sea of Tethys and the opening of the Atlantic Ocean would play an important role in the history of squids of the family Loliginidae, which is reflected in its current neritic distribution. Our study evaluated this hypothesis and alternative ideas to understand the historical biogeography of loliginid squids. This work is based on a phylogenetic hypothesis rebuilt with mitochondrial and nuclear sequences that incorporates the estimation of divergence times and ancestral distribution. Our results sustain that the squids of the family Loliginidae would have originated in the Western Pacific during the Late Paleocene about 59 My, following, during their diversification, at least 20 dispersion and 6 vicariant events. The first vicariant event fragments the ancestral distribution, remaining the ancestor of Sepioteuthis in the south and the subfamily Loligininae in the north. Successive events of dispersion, and some of vicariance (unrelated with the movement of tectonic plates and opening of the Atlantic Ocean), modeled it distribution. Our inference suggest a different origin compared to p...

Global Patterns of Species Richness in Coastal Cephalopods

“…Closure of the Isthmus of Panama (about 3.1 My; Emiliani, 1966;Coates and Obando, 1996) led to the isolation of octopus and squid populations by vicariance and thence to allopatric speciation (Voight, 1988;Gleadall, 2013;Ibáñez et al, 2016;Ulloa et al, 2017). This geological event and accompanying historical sea-level changes and formation of refugia (cf.…”

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Almost half of the Gymnura van Hasselt, 1823 species are unknown: Phylogeographic inference as scissors for cutting the hidden Gordian knot and clarify their conservation status

“…A series of cladogenetic events occurred in the genus during the Paleogene and Neogene. While the IWP is considered to be the principal center of origin and radiation of many marine organisms (Craig et al, 2010; Cowman & Bellwood, 2013; Ulloa et al, 2017), including the elasmobranchs (McEachran & Aschliman, 2004; Daly‐Engel et al, 2012; Sales et al, 2019), the results of our analyses indicate that the ancestor of the genus Gymnura originated in the Southern California Bight ecoregion, rather than the IWP (Smith et al, 2009).…”

Biological traits as determinants in the macroecological patterns of distribution in loliginid squids

“…In this comparative study, we evaluated the potential effects of body size and ns of squids as predictors of its geographical distribution under a phylogenetic approach. This approach has been scarcely used in macroecological studies on marine animals, and particularly, the assessment of phylogenetic signal on geographic distribution (i.e., Hernández et al 2013;Ulloa et al 2017). In this sense, our research is among the rst studies correctly addressing trait comparisons for marine animals, suggesting that further research should incorporate this approach in macroecological studies.…”