Biogeochemical cycling in an organic-rich coastal marine basin 4. An organic carbon budget for sediments dominated by sulfate reduction and methanogenesis

Martens, Christopher S.; Klump, J. Val

doi:10.1016/0016-7037(84)90380-6

Cited by 235 publications

(115 citation statements)

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“…The CH, profiles showed a concaveupward structure, suggesting that some process other than vertical molecular digusion was involved in CH, loss from the sediment. Martens and Berner (1977) attributed CH, removal at >50-cm depth in marine sediments to anoxic oxidation coupled to SR. In our near-surface situation, it seems just as plausible that removal was by bubble ebullition.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Enhanced diffusion coefficients have been used effectively to describe the influence of bubble ebullition on sediment-water chemical exchange in CLB sediments &lump and Martens 198 1, 1989;Martens and Klump 1984;Chanton et al 1987). In this approach the ratio of diffusive solute flux (estimated from measured concentration gradients) to total measured solute flux is inverted, yielding a diffusion coefficient enhancement factor (EF).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although our EF is not based on independent tracer data, we can (constrain it to values 5 2 based on measured DS fluxes and surface sediment concentrations, assuming that any depth dependency of diffusion enhancement can be ignored (Martens and Klump 1984;Klump and Martens 1989). With an EF of 2, the steady state model predicted DS concentrations considerably higher than measured values for two of the three dates (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sulfide release from estuarine sediments underlying anoxic bottom water

Roden¹,

Tuttle²

1992

Limnol. Oceanogr.

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Independent measurements of dissolved sulfide (DS) production in and release from mesohaline Chesapeake Bay sediments underlying anoxic bottom water were made during summer. DS accumulated under benthic chambers at a rate of 27.3rt8.2 mmol m-2 d-l. Rates of DS release ranged from 60 to 80% ofdepth-integrated@-12 cm) sulfate reduction (SR) rates (average 39.Ok9.0 mmol m-2 d-l) determined with 35S0, 2 -. The balance between DS production, accumulation in pore waters, and sediment-water exchange was examined by steady siate and transient state transport-reaction modeling, with a DS sediment diffusion coefficient derived from that determined for sulfate by the instantaneous source technique. The results indicate that DS transport is influenced by processes other than vertical molecular diffusion, most likely gas bubble ebullition driven by methane production beneath the SR zone. Although such processes may significantly reduce porewater DS accumulation (i.e. promote DS release), the models show that most (65-95%) DS formation during summer is not stored in the DS pool regardless of the transport processes occurring. The observed rates of DS production and release correspond to a potential oxygen demand of l-2 g 0, m-z d-l, equal to or greater than estimated rates of eddy-diffusive bottom-water reaeration during summer stratification. Thus, sulfur cycling alone can maintain anoxia in these subpycnocline waters during summer under quiescent water conditions. Anoxic sediment metabolism is a quantitatively significant component of the carbon cycle in shallow-water aquatic ecosystems (Jorgensen 1983), and sulfate reduction (SR) is the principal terminal microbial process in anoxic sediments where sulfate is abundant (Capone and Kiene 1988). The reoxidation of reduced sulfur formed by SR influences oxygen balance in shallow coastal systems, accounting for at least half of sediment oxygen consumption (SOC) under waters <20 m deep (Jorgensen 1982). In coastal systems subject to vertical water stratification, SOC linked to sulfur cycling I Current address: 430 National Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 22092. AcknowledgmentsThis research was supported by NSF grant OCE 82-08032 and NOAA Sea Grant Project R/DO-9 (awarded to J. H. Tuttle), and NSFgrant SR 88-14272 (awarded to D. G. Capone).We are indebted to W. M. Kemp, W. R. Boynton, P. A. Sampou, and J. M. Barnes for deploying the benthic chambers, to C. L. Divan for performing sulfide analyses during the flux measurements, and to D. Capone and M. Marvin for permission to present unpublished data. We also thank Jeffrey Chanton and two anonymous reviewers for reviewing the manuscript.Contribution 2276 from the Center for Environmental and Estuarine Studies, University of Maryland.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sulfide release from estuarine sediments underlying anoxic bottom water

Roden¹,

Tuttle²

1992

Limnol. Oceanogr.

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“…Others (e.g. Jorgensen 1978; Murray et al 1978;Henrichs and Farrington 1984;Martens and Klump 1984) have found that the multiple-G model, with firstorder decomposition kinetics for a labile organic fraction, fits porewater and sediment data from a variety of sediments. Additional evidence for the multiple-G model has been presented by Westrich and Berner (1984), who found that plankton subjected to a previous interval of oxic decomposition decomposed more slowly when added to anoxic sediments than did fresh plankton.…”

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confidence: 99%

Decomposition of ¹⁴C‐labeled organic substances in marine sediments1

Henrichs

Doyle

1986

Limnology & Oceanography

107

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The depth variation of total organic carbon (TOC), organic matter composition, and porewater composition in marine sediments suggests that different components of the organic matter undergo decomposition at widely different rates. The decomposition of 14C-labeled organic substances was followed in sediment microcosms in the laboratory. The substances used were chosen to simulate a portion of material settling to the sediment-water interface (a marine diatom) or hypothesized components of refractory sediment organic matter (melanoidins and a bacterial polymer). The microcosms were found to be good models of the sediment-water interface in terms of how well they mimicked sediment decomposition rates and processes. The decomposition of the labeled material and the natural sediment TOC were monitored over 1 month: the water overlying the sediment remained oxic, and net consumption of nitrate was small. There was no detectable sulfate reduction. The algae and the bacterial polymer were decomposed on average 9 x faster than the melanoidins and 90 x faster than the natural sediment TOC. The soluble fraction of the algae was decomposed more rapidly than the particulate material.Berner (1980) proposed a model for the multiple "pools" of organic matter in sediments being decomposed at different rates. This "multiple-G" model is based in part on depth profiles of total organic carbon (TOC) and porewater-dissolved sulfate in anoxic marine sediments, which show a marked decrease in the rate of sulfate reduction with depth even though a substantial fraction of the surface TOC concentration remains. Others (e.g. Jorgensen 1978;Murray et al. 1978;Henrichs and Farrington 1984;Martens and Klump 1984) have found that the multiple-G model, with firstorder decomposition kinetics for a labile organic fraction, fits porewater and sediment data from a variety of sediments. Additional evidence for the multiple-G model has been presented by Westrich and Berner (1984), who found that plankton subjected to a previous interval of oxic decomposition decomposed more slowly when added to anoxic sediments than did fresh plankton. In several studies of plankton decomposition (Garber 1984 and refcrenccs cited therein) initially rapid remineralization rates '

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“…Martens and Klump (1984) and Borowski et al (1999) suggested that regions with large inputs of organic matter are prone to high methane production. The rate of sedimentation in the KG offshore sector is about 40 cm/1,000 years (Sarin et al 1979;KDMIPE, ONGC, Dehradun, personal communication).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidisciplinary investigations exploring indicators of gas hydrate occurrence in the Krishna–Godavari Basin offshore, east coast of India

et al. 2008

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We report some main results of multidisciplinary investigations carried out within the framework of the Indian National Gas Hydrate Program in [2002][2003] in the Krishna-Godavari Basin offshore sector, east coast of India, to explore indicators of likely gas hydrate occurrence suggested by preliminary multi-channel seismic reflection data and estimates of gas hydrate stability zone thickness. Swath bathymetry data reveal new evidence of three distinct geomorphic units representing (1) a delta front incised by several narrow valleys and mass flows, (2) a deep fan in the east and (3) a WNW-ESE-trending sedimentary ridge in the south.Deep-tow digital side-scan sonar, multi-frequency chirp sonar, and sub-bottom profiler records indicate several surface and subsurface gas-escape features with a highly resolved stratification within the upper 50 m sedimentary strata. Multi-channel seismic reflection data show the presence of bottom simulating reflections of continuous to discrete character. Textural analyses of 76 gravity cores indicate that the sediments are mostly silty clay. Geochemical analyses reveal decreasing downcore pore water sulphate (SO 4 2− ) concentrations (28.7 to <4 mM), increasing downcore methane (CH 4 ) concentrations (0-20 nM) and relatively high total organic carbon contents (1-2.5%), and microbial analyses a high abundance of microbes in top core sediments and a low abundance of sulphate-reducing bacteria in bottom core sediments.Methane-derived authigenic carbonates were identified in some cores. Combined with evidence of gasescape features in association with bottom simulating reflections, the findings strongly suggest that the physicochemical conditions prevailing in the study area are highly conducive to methane generation and gas hydrate occurrence. Deep drilling from aboard the JOIDES Resolution during 2006 has indeed confirmed the presence of gas hydrate in the KrishnaGodavari Basin offshore.

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Biogeochemical cycling in an organic-rich coastal marine basin 4. An organic carbon budget for sediments dominated by sulfate reduction and methanogenesis

Cited by 235 publications

References 37 publications

Sulfide release from estuarine sediments underlying anoxic bottom water

Sulfide release from estuarine sediments underlying anoxic bottom water

Decomposition of ¹⁴C‐labeled organic substances in marine sediments1

Multidisciplinary investigations exploring indicators of gas hydrate occurrence in the Krishna–Godavari Basin offshore, east coast of India

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Biogeochemical cycling in an organic-rich coastal marine basin 4. An organic carbon budget for sediments dominated by sulfate reduction and methanogenesis

Cited by 235 publications

References 37 publications

Sulfide release from estuarine sediments underlying anoxic bottom water

Sulfide release from estuarine sediments underlying anoxic bottom water

Decomposition of 14C‐labeled organic substances in marine sediments1

Multidisciplinary investigations exploring indicators of gas hydrate occurrence in the Krishna–Godavari Basin offshore, east coast of India

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Decomposition of ¹⁴C‐labeled organic substances in marine sediments1