Biogeochemical controls on climatically active gases and atmospheric sulfate aerosols in the western Pacific

Feng, Xinbin; Zhang, Honghai; Yan, Shi‐Bo; Sun, Ming-Xin; Wu, Jin‐Wei; Yang, Gui‐Peng

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2023.115211

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Concentrations of nitrite and ammonium were generally lower than 0.2 μM (i.e., D6) and 0.57 μM (i.e., E8), respectively. Nutrient concentrations were comparable to values previously reported for this region (Lin et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2022; Xu et al., 2023).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Lower concentrations (<0.2 μg L −1 ) were found at sites in the Kuroshio extension (e.g., D1, D2, and E9). The average concentrations were slightly higher than the values observed previously in autumn in the KOE (0.02–0.3 μg L −1 ; Xu et al., 2023). Likewise, nitrate concentrations were much higher at northern sites (e.g., >1.0 μM at E8, E12, and D5, a maximum of 4.0 μM at D6) than those in the south (e.g., <LOD at D1 and D2).…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 73%

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Methanol Concentrations and Biological Methanol Consumption in the Northwest Pacific Ocean

Zhou

Zhuang

Mao

et al. 2023

Geophysical Research Letters

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Methanol is one of the most abundant oxygenated volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere and plays an important role in atmospheric chemistry and ocean ecology (Heikes et al., 2002;Singh et al., 2001;Zhuang et al., 2018). Due to the variability of methanol concentrations and sea-air exchange fluxes between locations, uncertainty remains as to whether the ocean is a source or sink of atmospheric methanol. For example, Beale et al. ( 2013) observed methanol exchange in both directions in the Atlantic Ocean with a net oceanic emission of 12 Tg yr −1 , while Yang et al. ( 2013) reported a global extrapolation of −42 Tg yr −1 based on the atmospheric deposition of methanol over the Atlantic Ocean. In situ methanol production is often observed in oceanic waters (Dixon, Beale, et al., 2013) and phytoplankton could be a key methanol producer (Mincer & Aicher, 2016). However, methanol concentrations are maintained in the nanomolar range due to rapid consumption by marine microorganisms (

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 73%

Methanol Concentrations and Biological Methanol Consumption in the Northwest Pacific Ocean

Zhou

Zhuang

Mao

et al. 2023

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…Sea-air fluxes of DMS, OCS, and CS 2 (Table S1) were 4.26 ± 2.10, 0.098 ± 0.062, and 0.077 ± 0.044 μmol m –2 d –1 , respectively, generally compared well with the previous findings in the western Pacific and supported the climatological mean fluxes. , The western North Pacific was a net source of atmospheric DMS, OCS, and CS 2 . Despite the higher seawater concentrations of these sulfides in the KOE, only the sea-air fluxes of OCS and CS 2 were higher in the KOE, and among them, only the sea-air flux of OCS exhibited statistical differences between the two regions (Figure c).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…In contrast, the North Pacific subtropical gyre (NPSG) is regarded as one of the world’s largest ocean deserts due to its persistent nutrient depletion and low organism standing stocks. The KOE region has been identified by previous research ,, as a hotspot for DMS, OCS, and CS 2 . However, the deep exploration of the underlying biogeochemical mechanisms, particularly those governing OCS and CS 2 , under varying oceanographic conditions is significantly insufficient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing the Marine Cycles of Volatile Sulfur Compounds and Their Biogeochemical Controls: A Case of the Western North Pacific

Xu,

Zhang,

Zhong

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Volatile sulfur compounds, such as dimethyl sulfide (DMS), carbonyl sulfide (OCS), and carbon disulfide (CS 2 ), have significant implications for both atmospheric chemistry and climate change. Despite the crucial role of oceans in regulating their atmospheric budgets, our comprehension of their cycles in seawater remains insufficient. To address this gap, a field investigation was conducted in the western North Pacific to clarify the sources, sinks, and biogeochemical controls of these gases in two different marine environments, including relatively eutrophic Kuroshio−Oyashio extension (KOE) and oligotrophic North Pacific subtropical gyre. Our findings revealed higher concentrations of these gases in both seawater and the atmosphere in the KOE compared to the subtropical gyre. In the KOE, nutrient-rich upwelling stimulated rapid DMS biological production, while reduced seawater temperatures hindered the removal of OCS and CS 2 , leading to their accumulation. Furthermore, we have quantitatively evaluated the relative contribution of each pathway to the source and sink of DMS, OCS, and CS 2 within the mixed layer and identified vertical exchange as a potential sink in most cases, transporting substantial amounts of these gases from the mixed layer to deeper waters. This research advances our understanding of sulfur gas source-sink dynamics in seawater, contributing to the assessment of their marine emissions and atmospheric budgets.

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“…The DMS sea‐to‐air fluxes in the South Yellow Sea and the East China Sea in spring were 15.53 ± 17.80 and 24.22 ± 22.92 μmol m −2 d −1 , respectively. Our results were significantly higher than those in the Western Pacific Ocean (Xu et al., 2023; Yan et al., 2023), indicating that the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea were “hotspot” for DMS sea‐to‐air flux. Hulswar et al.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 70%

Factors Controlling DMS Emission and Atmospheric Sulfate Aerosols in the Western Pacific Continental Sea

Yan,

Xu,

Zhang

et al. 2024

JGR Oceans

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The western Pacific continental sea significantly influences the regulation of climate‐active gases budget and the burden of sulfate aerosols. An underway shipboard measurement device was used to determine the dimethyl sulfide (DMS) in the surface seawater and overlying atmosphere in the East China Continental Sea. The average concentration of DMS in atmosphere and seawater was 122.8 ± 86.2pptv and 6.47 ± 3.58 nmol L−1, respectively. The variation trend of surface water DMS in the western Pacific continental sea was influenced by the abundance and composition of phytoplankton under different ocean current systems, with a significant impact from eddies on DMS production in the South China Sea. By eliminating the influence of terrestrial sources and limiting air mass transport within the marine boundary layer, strong correlations were established between atmospheric DMS and air mass exposure to chlorophyll (Echl), as well as between aerosol methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and Echl. During the aerosol sampling period, the atmospheric DMS levels (1,057 ± 371 ng/m3) were significantly higher than MSA levels (46.3 ± 59.8 ng/m3) in the East China Sea, where the conversion of DMS to MSA was not affected by changes in DMS concentration. The sea‐to‐air fluxes of DMS varied over a wide range, from 0.02 to 156.0 μmol m−2 d−1, with an average of 14.35 ± 18.58 μmol m−2 d−1. Marine DMS emissions play a critical role in the formation of sulfur aerosols on the western Pacific continental shelf, accounting for 24.6 ± 7.6% (14.8%–37.8%) of the total sulfate aerosols.

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Biogeochemical controls on climatically active gases and atmospheric sulfate aerosols in the western Pacific

Cited by 6 publications

References 64 publications

Methanol Concentrations and Biological Methanol Consumption in the Northwest Pacific Ocean

Methanol Concentrations and Biological Methanol Consumption in the Northwest Pacific Ocean

Revealing the Marine Cycles of Volatile Sulfur Compounds and Their Biogeochemical Controls: A Case of the Western North Pacific

Factors Controlling DMS Emission and Atmospheric Sulfate Aerosols in the Western Pacific Continental Sea

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