The
demand for safer design and synthesis of gold nanoparticles
(AuNPs) is on the increase with the ultimate goal of producing clean
nanomaterials for biological applications. We hereby present a rapid,
greener, and photochemical synthesis of gold nanoplates with sizes
ranging from 10 to 200 nm using water-soluble quercetin diphosphate
(QDP) macromolecules. The synthesis was achieved in water without
the use of surfactants, reducing agents, or polymers. The edge length
of the triangular nanoplates ranged from 50 to 1200 nm. Furthermore,
the reduction of methylene blue was used to investigate the catalytic
activity of AuNPs. The catalytic activity of triangular AuNPs was
three times higher than that of the spherical AuNPs based on kinetic
rate constants (
k
). The rate constants were 3.44
× 10
–2
and 1.11 × 10
–2
s
–1
for triangular and spherical AuNPs, respectively.
The X-ray diffraction data of gold nanoplates synthesized by this
method exhibited that the nanocrystals were mainly dominated by (111)
facets which are in agreement to the nanoplates synthesized by using
thermal and chemical approaches. The calculated relative diffraction
peak intensity of (200), (220), and (311) in comparison with (111)
was found to be 0.35, 0.17, and 0.15, respectively, which were lower
than the corresponding standard values (JCPDS 04-0784). For example,
(200)/(111) = 0.35 compared to 0.52 obtained from the standard (JCPDS
04-0784), indicating that the gold nanoplates are dominated by (111)
facets. The calculated lattice from selected area electron diffraction
data of the as-synthesized and after 1 year nanoplates was 4.060 and
4.088 Å, respectively. Our calculations were found to be in agreement
with 4.078 Å for face-centered cubic gold (JCPDS 04-0784) and
literature values of 4.07 Å. The computed QDP–Au complex
demonstrated that the reduction process took place in the B ring of
QDP. This approach contributes immensely to promoting the ideals of
sustainable nanotechnology by eradicating the use of hazardous and
toxic organic solvents.