Biogenic Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles by Plant Extracts

Abstract

In recent years, nanobiotechnology has emerged as an elementary division of modern science and a noval epoch in the fields of material science and is receiving global attention due to its ample applications. Various physical, chemical, and biological methods have been employed to synthesize nanomaterials. Biological systems such as bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, yeasts, viruses, and plants have been reported to synthesize various metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. Among these, biosynthesis of nanoparticles from plants seems to be a very effective method in developing a rapid, clean, nontoxic, and eco-friendly technology. The use of plant biomass or extracts for the biosynthesis of novel metal nanoparticles (silver, gold, platinum, and palladium) would be more significant if the nanoparticles are synthesized extracellularly and in a controlled manner according to their dispersity of shape and size. Owing to the rich biodiversity of plants, their potential use toward the synthesis of these nobel metal nanoparticles is yet to be explored. The aim of this review is to provide the recent trends involved in the phytosynthesis of nobel metal nanoparticles in the past decade.

Biosynthesis of Copper Oxide nanoparticles from Drypetes sepiaria Leaf extract and their catalytic activity to dye degradation

“…The catalytic activity of synthesized CuO NPs was studied by dyes degradation of organic dyes such as Congo red dye [19,20]. The optimised Catalytic activities of the biosynthesised copper oxide nanoparticles were determined using Congo red dye.…”

Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles using Aqueous Extract of Citrus maxima Leaf

“…Interest on nanoparticles is increasing rapidly because of their extremely small size and large surface to volume ratio, and they show unique and different properties compared to the bulk materials [1]. Several metal nanoparticles are extensively used in consumer goods such as soaps, detergents, shampoos, shoes, toothpaste and cosmetic products in addition to their applications in pharmaceutical products [1], medicine [2] and drug delivery and disease diagnostic systems [3,4].…”

“…Various methods such as chemical, photochemical, radiation, electrochemical and biological methods have been employed to synthesize AgNPs [6,9]. Silver nanoparticles syntheses using physical and chemical methods have some disadvantages as these are capital and energy intensive processes and in the synthesis procedure, non-polar solvents and toxic chemicals are employed, and then capping agents or other synthetic additives are also utilized for maintaining the morphology, size, stability and longevity of synthesized nanoparticles [1,14]. The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles through biological method has benefits over chemical and physical methods as no toxic chemicals are used in biological processes.…”

“…Moreover, this method is environment friendly, cost effective and the biomolecules present themselves act as reducing as well as capping agents [6,10,15]. Synthesis of AgNPs through biological methods includes synthesis utilizing plants [1,16], microorganisms [17][18][19], egg shells [20], fish scales [21] and marine crabs [22]. Plant-based synthesis of AgNPs is better compared to other biological resources such as microorganisms due to faster rate of reaction and availability of the plant resources in abundance.…”

Interaction of Colloidal Silver Nanoparticles with Ni2+: Sensing Application

“…Metal nanoparticles are widely used in several different fields, from biotechnology and biomedicine, to optics and optoelectronics, and recently also as nanosensors for air and water pollution [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. These innovative materials have peculiar physical (mechanical, magnetic, optical, etc.)…”