Biogenic sulphate generation in the Mediterranean Sea and its contribution to the sulphate anomaly in the aerosol over Israel and the Eastern Mediterranean

Ganor, E.; Foner, H. A.; Bingemer, Heinz; Udisti, Roberto; Setter, Ilan

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(00)00077-7

Cited by 68 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…2a) range from values near the detection limit (2.0 pmol·mol −1 ) to 136 pmol·mol −1 (on 31 July) with a mean value of 21.7 pmol·mol −1 . They are in good agreement with the data reported for a coastal site in Israel measured during August 1995 (22 pmol·mol −1 ; Ganor et al, 2000). The DMS values observed during MINOS fall in the lower range of summer values reported for the Finokalia area for the period 1997-1999 (57.5±33.8 pmol·mol −1 ; Kouvarakis and .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Gaseous (DMS, MSA, SO2, H2SO4 and DMSO) and particulate (sulfate and methanesulfonate) sulfur species over the northeastern coast of Crete

et al. 2003

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Abstract.A detailed study of the levels, the temporal and diurnal variability of the main compounds involved in the biogenic sulfur cycle was carried out in Crete (Eastern Mediterranean) Dimethylsulfide (DMS) levels ranged from 2.9 to 136 pmol·mol −1 (mean value of 21.7 pmol·mol −1 ) and showed a clear diurnal variation with daytime maximum. During nighttime DMS levels fall close or below the detection limit of 2 pmol·mol −1 . Concurrent measurements of OH and NO 3 radicals during the campaign indicate that NO 3 levels can explain most of the observed diurnal variation of DMS. Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) ranged between 0.02 and 10.1 pmol·mol −1 (mean value of 1.7 pmol·mol −1 ) and presents a diurnal variation similar to that of DMS. SO 2 levels ranged from 220 to 2970 pmol·mol −1 (mean value of 1030 pmol·mol −1 ), while nss-SO 2− 4 and MS − ranged from 330 to 7100 pmol·mol −1 , (mean value of 1440 pmol·mol −1 ) and 1.1 to 37.5 pmol·mol −1 (mean value of 11.5 pmol·mol −1 ) respectively.Of particular interest are the measurements of gaseous MSA and H 2 SO 4 . MSA ranged from below the detection limit (3×10 4 ) to 3.7×10 7 molecules cm −3 , whereas H 2 SO 4 ranged between 1×10 5 and 9.0×10 7 molecules cm −3 . TheCorrespondence to: N. Mihalopoulos (Mihalo@chemistry.uoc.gr) measured H 2 SO 4 maxima are among the highest reported in literature and can be attributed to high insolation, absence of precipitation and increased SO 2 levels in the area. From the concurrent SO 2 , OH, and H 2 SO 4 measurements a sticking coefficient of 0.52±0.28 was calculated for H 2 SO 4 . From the concurrent MSA, OH, and DMS measurements the yield of gaseous MSA from the OH-initiated oxidation of DMS was calculated to range between 0.1-0.4%. This low MSA yield implies that gaseous MSA levels can not account for the observed MS − levels. Heterogeneous reactions of DMSO on aerosols should be considered to explain the observed levels of MS − .

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Gaseous (DMS, MSA, SO2, H2SO4 and DMSO) and particulate (sulfate and methanesulfonate) sulfur species over the northeastern coast of Crete

et al. 2003

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“…Being exclusively produced by oxidation of DMS, MSA was used as tracer. Ganor et al (2000) found this source as a rather limited contributor: between 6 and 22 % of the non-sea-salt SO 4 (nss-SO 4 ) measured during summer was attributed to marine biogenic production. Evidently, several other factors favor particulate SO 4 abundance over the EM.…”

Section: Particulate Sulfate (So 4 ) Abundancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the EM atmosphere, particulate SO 4 contributes more than 50 % to the submicron aerosol mass (Bardouki et al, 2003a, b;Sciare et al, 2005). A first attempt to quantify the biogenic contribution caused by the oxidation of marine DMS as a possible source to particulate SO 4 observed over the EM coastal region was carried out by Ganor et al (2000). They used an instrumented aircraft during August 1995 to sample DMS and methane sulfonic acid (MSA) offshore and over land in Israel.…”

Section: Particulate Sulfate (So 4 ) Abundancementioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric pollution over the eastern Mediterranean during summer – a review

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The eastern Mediterranean (EM) is one of the regions in the world where elevated concentrations of primary and secondary gaseous air pollutants have been reported frequently, mainly in summer. This review discusses published studies of the atmospheric dispersion and transport conditions characterizing this region during the summer, followed by a description of some essential studies dealing with the corresponding concentrations of air pollutants such as ozone, carbon monoxide, total reactive nitrogen, methane, and sulfate aerosols observed there.The interlaced relationship between the downward motion of the subsiding air aloft induced by global circulation systems affecting the EM and the depth of the Persian Trough, a low-pressure trough that extends from the Asian monsoon at the surface controlling the spatiotemporal distribution of the mixed boundary layer during summer, is discussed. The strength of the wind flow within the mixed layer and its depth affect much the amount of pollutants transported and determine the potential of the atmosphere to disperse contaminants off their origins in the EM. The reduced mixed layer and the accompanying weak westerlies, characterizing the summer in this region, led to reduced ventilation rates, preventing an effective dilution of the contaminants. Several studies pointing at specific local (e.g., ventilation rates) and regional peculiarities (long-range transport) enhancing the build-up of air pollutant concentrations are presented.Tropospheric ozone (O 3 ) concentrations observed in the summer over the EM are among the highest over the Northern Hemisphere. The three essential processes controlling its formation (i.e., long-range transport of polluted air masses, dynamic subsidence at mid-tropospheric levels, and stratosphere-to-troposphere exchange) are reviewed. Airborne campaigns and satellite-borne initiatives have indicated that the concentration values of reactive nitrogen identified as precursors in the formation of O 3 over the EM were found to be 2 to 10 times higher than in the hemispheric background troposphere. Several factors favor sulfate particulate abundance over the EM. Models, aircraft measurements, and satellite-derived data have clearly shown that sulfate has a maximum during spring and summer over the EM. The carbon monoxide (CO) seasonal cycle, as obtained from global background monitoring sites in the EM, is mostly controlled by the tropospheric concentration of the hydroxyl radical (OH) and therefore demonstrates high concentrations over winter months and the lowest concentrations during summer when photochemistry is active. Modeling studies have shown that the diurnal variations in CO concentration during the summer result from long-range CO transport from European anthropogenic sources, contributing 60 to 80 % of the boundary-layer CO over the EM. The values retrieved from satellite data enable us to derive the spatial distribution of methane (CH 4 ), identifying August as the month with the highest levels over the EM. The outcomes of a...

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“…During the PAUR II campaign (Crete Island, May 1999), significant correlations were observed between ammonium sulfate mass, aerosol scattering coefficient and aerosol single-scattering albedo (ω 0 ), indicating the key role of ammonium sulfate in determining the radiative forcing of the Eastern Mediterranean area . However, a closer look at the different sources contributing to the total burden of sulfate aerosol in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin is still needed, since recent studies have pointed out the importance of biogenic emissions on the sulfur budget in the Eastern Mediterranean (Ganor et al, 2000;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol sources and their contribution to the chemical composition of aerosols in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea during summertime

Sciare¹,

Bardouki

Moulin³

et al. 2003

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

178

102

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Abstract.A detailed study on the temporal variability of compounds important in controlling aerosol chemical composition was performed during a one-month experiment conducted during summer 2000 at a background site on Crete, in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Contribution of different aerosol sources in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin could be investigated at this location since the site is influenced by a wide range of air masses originating mainly in Europe and Africa. Chemical apportionment was performed for various air mass origins and showed a strong impact of anthropogenic emissions in the Turkey and Central Europe sectors, with black carbon (BC) and non-sea-salt sulfate (nss-SO 4 ) concentrations higher than observed in the Eastern and Western Europe sectors. High levels of non-sea-salt calcium (nssCa) were associated with air masses from Africa but also from Central Turkey. Evidence was found that BC calculation based on light absorbance during dust events was biased.This quality-controlled high temporal resolution dataset allowed to investigate in detail the source-receptor relationships responsible for the levels of BC, nss-SO 4 and sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), observed in Crete. Among the results obtained from this model, the major contribution of Turkey and Central Europe was confirmed in terms of anthropogenic emissions. Comparisons with remote optical properties obtained from Satellite observations (SEAWIFS) north of Crete indicates that our ground based aerosol characterization was suitable for describing aerosol properties in the atmospheric column for most of the time during the campaign.

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Biogenic sulphate generation in the Mediterranean Sea and its contribution to the sulphate anomaly in the aerosol over Israel and the Eastern Mediterranean

Cited by 68 publications

References 33 publications

Gaseous (DMS, MSA, SO<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and DMSO) and particulate (sulfate and methanesulfonate) sulfur species over the northeastern coast of Crete

Gaseous (DMS, MSA, SO<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and DMSO) and particulate (sulfate and methanesulfonate) sulfur species over the northeastern coast of Crete

Atmospheric pollution over the eastern Mediterranean during summer – a review

Aerosol sources and their contribution to the chemical composition of aerosols in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea during summertime

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Biogenic sulphate generation in the Mediterranean Sea and its contribution to the sulphate anomaly in the aerosol over Israel and the Eastern Mediterranean

Cited by 68 publications

References 33 publications

Gaseous (DMS, MSA, SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; and DMSO) and particulate (sulfate and methanesulfonate) sulfur species over the northeastern coast of Crete

Gaseous (DMS, MSA, SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; and DMSO) and particulate (sulfate and methanesulfonate) sulfur species over the northeastern coast of Crete

Atmospheric pollution over the eastern Mediterranean during summer – a review

Aerosol sources and their contribution to the chemical composition of aerosols in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea during summertime

Contact Info

Product

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Gaseous (DMS, MSA, SO<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and DMSO) and particulate (sulfate and methanesulfonate) sulfur species over the northeastern coast of Crete

Gaseous (DMS, MSA, SO<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and DMSO) and particulate (sulfate and methanesulfonate) sulfur species over the northeastern coast of Crete