Biogenic carbon flows through the planktonic food web of the Amundsen Gulf (Arctic Ocean): A synthesis of field measurements and inverse modeling analyses

Forest, Alexandre; Tremblay, Jean‐Éric; Gratton, Yves; Martin, Jean‐Louis; Gagnon, Jonathan; Darnis, Gérald; Sampei, Makoto; Fortier, Louis; Ardyna, Mathieu; Gosselin, Michel; Hattori, Hiroshi; Nguyen, Dan; Maranger, Roxane; Vaqué, Dolors; Marrasé, Cèlia; Pedrós-Alió, Carlos; Sallon, Amélie; Michel, Christine; Kellogg, Colleen T. E.; Deming, Jody W.; Shadwick, E. H.; Thomas, Helmuth; Link, Heike; Archambault, Philippe; Piepenburg, Dieter

doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2011.05.002

Cited by 140 publications

(178 citation statements)

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“…At first glance, this seems to be in contradiction to the primary production reported to be higher in 2008 than 2004 (Forest et al 2011). However, carbon turnover in the water column has also been reported to be particularly high in 2008 leading to vertical fluxes similar to those in 2004 and a weaker pelagic-benthic coupling .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…However, the other sites of this study were not affected by this event (vertical flux 38-68 mg POC m -2 day -1 , Sallon et al 2011) and were located in an area generally expected to receive less input from the water column than other Arctic regions (Lalande et al 2009). Moreover, analysis of carbon flux in the central Amundsen Gulf has shown that high pelagic turnover did not allow for intensive organic matter export despite an increased primary production in this area (Forest et al 2011;Sallon et al 2011). Despite the interannual difference, the generally low quantity of recently exported 'fresh' material may have prevented a measurable seasonal increase in Chl a concentration at the seafloor here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Spring-to-summer changes and regional variability of benthic processes in the western Canadian Arctic

et al. 2011

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Seasonal dynamics in the activity of Arctic shelf benthos have been the subject of few local studies, and the pronounced among-site variability characterizing their results makes it difficult to upscale and generalize their conclusions. In a regional study encompassing five sites at 100-595 m water depth in the southeastern Beaufort Sea, we found that total pigment concentrations in surficial sediments, used as proxies of general food supply to the benthos, rose significantly after the transition from ice-covered conditions in spring (March-June 2008) to open-water conditions in summer (June-August 2008), whereas sediment Chl a concentrations, typical markers of fresh food input, did not. Macrobenthic biomass (including agglutinated foraminifera [500 lm) varied significantly among sites (1.2-6.4 g C m -2 in spring, 1.1-12.6 g C m -2 in summer), whereas a general spring-to-summer increase was not detected. Benthic carbon remineralisation also ranged significantly among sites (11.9-33.2 mg C m -2 day -1 in spring, 11.6-44.4 mg C m -2 day -1 in summer) and did in addition exhibit a general significant increase from spring-to-summer. Multiple regression analysis suggests that in both spring and summer, sediment Chl a concentration is the prime determinant of benthic carbon remineralisation, but other factors have a significant secondary influence, such as foraminiferan biomass (negative in both seasons), water depth (in spring) and infaunal biomass (in summer). Our findings indicate the importance of the combined and dynamic effects of food supply and benthic community patterns on the carbon remineralisation of the polar shelf benthos in seasonally ice-covered seas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Spring-to-summer changes and regional variability of benthic processes in the western Canadian Arctic

et al. 2011

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“…Such trophic interactions, with dinoflagellates most likely preying on ciliates, could contribute to differences in relative abundances in different depths and times (Hansen et al, 1999;Møller et al, 2006;Seuthe et al, 2011). Additional trophic interactions were indicated in the summer when primary production was higher and zooplankton were more abundant in surface waters (Seuthe et al, 2007;Forest et al, 2011), with the appearance of the putative copepod parasite Blastodinium.…”

Section: Ecological Functionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Ciliates and dinoflagellates consume from 30% (15.6 g C m −2 ) of gross primary production in Amundsen Gulf to as much as 56% in some Arctic fjords (Seuthe et al, 2007;Forest et al, 2011). The availability of light in spring and summer could favor mixotrophy as well.…”

Section: Ecological Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and Interannual Changes in Ciliate and Dinoflagellate Species Assemblages in the Arctic Ocean (Amundsen Gulf, Beaufort Sea, Canada)

et al. 2017

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Recent studies have focused on how climate change could drive changes in phytoplankton communities in the Arctic. In contrast, ciliates and dinoflagellates that can contribute substantially to the mortality of phytoplankton have received less attention. Some dinoflagellate and ciliate species can also contribute to net photosynthesis, which suggests that species composition could reflect food web complexity. To identify potential seasonal and annual species occurrence patterns and to link species with environmental conditions, we first examined the seasonal pattern of microzooplankton and then performed an in-depth analysis of interannual species variability. We used high-throughput amplicon sequencing to identify ciliates and dinoflagellates to the lowest taxonomic level using a curated Arctic 18S rRNA gene database. DNA-and RNA-derived reads were generated from samples collected from the Canadian Arctic from November 2007 to July 2008. The proportion of ciliate reads increased in the surface toward summer, when salinity was lower and smaller phytoplankton prey were abundant, while chloroplastidic dinoflagellate species increased at the subsurface chlorophyll maxima (SCM), where inorganic nutrient concentrations were higher. Comparing communities collected in summer and fall from 2003 to 2010, we found that microzooplankton community composition change was associated with the record ice minimum in the summer of 2007. Specifically, reads from smaller predatory species like Laboea, Monodinium, and Strombidium and several unclassified ciliates increased in the summer after 2007, while the other usually summer-dominant dinoflagellate taxa decreased. The ability to exploit smaller prey, which are predicted to dominate the future Arctic, could be an advantage for these smaller ciliates in the wake of the changing climate.

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“…A pesar de esta limitación conceptual, establecer el impacto del pastoreo de los copépodos es esencial en el propósito de definir las rutas y establecer las tasas de flujo de material, a través de las tramas alimentarias locales (Vidal 1980, Carlotti et al, 2000Stibor et al, 2004, Forest et al, 2011. En este sentido, una gran transferencia de fitoplancton hacia los copépodos puede estimular la producción de las pesquerías pelágicas, mientras que una baja transferencia favorecería el hundimiento del fitoplancton hacia el fondo de la columna de agua (Dagg, 1995;Ducklow et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Impacto alimentario de los copépodos calanoideos en el Océano Pacífico colombiano

REVISTAS¹,

Giraldo²,

Velasco³

et al. 2018

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Grazing rate of copepods was evaluated in the oceanic province of the Colombian Pacific during September 2006. Gut pigment content was estimated by spectophotometry considering three size fraction: small (300-500 µm), medium (500-1000 µm) and big (> 1000 µm). In order to estimate the ingestion rate, an experimental gut evacuation rate of 0.702 h -1 was used. Feeding impact was calculated like a proportion of phytoplankton standing stock, projecting the total copepod consumption by size in relation to chlorophyll-a concentration in each station. Small copepods were most abundant than medium or big copepods (Kruskal-Wallis H=21.83; p=0.01). Although the ingestion rate of big copepods was higher than medium or small copepods (Kruskal-Wallis H=6.48; p= 0.04), no significant differences in the consumption rate were detected among sizes (Kruskal-Wallis H=3.07; p=0.21). The chlorophyll-a integrate (0-50 m) in the study zone was between 4.4 and 9.5 mg Clo-a m -2 , being estimated the grazing impact of the big copepod in 2.57 ± 0.80 %, medium 3.57 ± 1.89 % and small 12.06 ± 5.99%.Keywords: grazing, ingestion rate, chlorophyll, copepods, Pacific Ocean, Colombia. Impacto alimentario de los copépodos calanoideos en elOcéano Pacífico colombiano ResumenSe determinó el impacto alimentario de los copépodos en nueve estaciones localizadas en la Cuenca Pacífica Colombiana durante septiembre de 2006. El contenido de pigmentos entéricos, fue medido espectrofotométricamente en tres fracciones de tamaño: pequeño (300-500 µm), mediano (500-1000 µm) y grande (> 1000 µm); y se estimó la tasa de consumo considerando una tasa de evacuación de 0.702 h -1 que fue establecida previamente de manera experimental. Considerando la abundancia de cada fracción y la concentración de clorofila-a en cada estación, se cuantificó el impacto alimentario como un porcentaje de la biomasa fitoplanctónica disponible. Los copépodos de menor tamaño fueron significativamente más abundantes en la zona de estudio (Kruskal-Wallis H=21.83; p=0.01). Aunque la tasa de ingestión de los copépodos grandes fue significativamente mayor (Kruskal-Wallis H=6.48; p= 0.04), no se detectaron diferencias significativas entre las tasas de consumo de las tres fracciones de tamaño evaluadas (Kruskal-Wallis H=3.07; p=0.21). La clorofila-a integrada (0 -50 m) en la zona de estudio estuvo entre 4.4 a 9.5 mg Clo-a m -2 , siendo el impacto alimentario promedio de los copépodos grandes de 2.57 ± 0.80 %, medianos 3.57 ± 1.89 % y pequeños 12.06 ± 5.99%.

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Biogenic carbon flows through the planktonic food web of the Amundsen Gulf (Arctic Ocean): A synthesis of field measurements and inverse modeling analyses

Cited by 140 publications

References 162 publications

Spring-to-summer changes and regional variability of benthic processes in the western Canadian Arctic

Spring-to-summer changes and regional variability of benthic processes in the western Canadian Arctic

Seasonal and Interannual Changes in Ciliate and Dinoflagellate Species Assemblages in the Arctic Ocean (Amundsen Gulf, Beaufort Sea, Canada)

Impacto alimentario de los copépodos calanoideos en el Océano Pacífico colombiano

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