Biogenic amine production in grass, maize and total mixed ration silages inoculated with Lactobacillus casei or Lactobacillus buchneri

Abstract

Aims: To investigate the effects of inoculating Lactobacillus casei or Lacobacillus buchneri on the production of biogenic amines (BA) in silage. Methods and Results: Wilted festulolium (Lolium perenne × Festuca pratensis), whole crop maize or a total mixed ration, consisting of wet brewer grains, lucerne hay, cracked maize, sugarbeet pulp, soyabean meal and molasses, was ensiled with or without the inoculation of either L. casei (>106 CFU g−1) or L. buchneri (>106 CFU g−1). Silages were opened after 60 days of storage, and the concentrations of histamine, tyramine, putrescine and cadaverine were determined. The inoculation of L. casei decreased all the BA regardless of the silage type. The effects of L. buchneri varied between the three silages; the tyramine and putrescine were increased in maize but were lowered in festulolium. Histamine was reduced in festulolium and the by‐products, whereas no change was found in the maize silage. None of the inoculant strains produced the four BA in a synthetic medium, accounting for the actual ensiling except for tyramine and putrescine in maize. Conclusions: Wide variation would be found in the production of BA owing to the ensiling materials. The inoculation of L. casei can lower the BA concentration, while the effects of L. buchneri may vary considerably. The screening of BA‐producing activity may help to reduce the risk of BA contamination in inoculated silage. Significance and Impact of the Study: Strains of decarboxylase‐negative L. buchneri can enhance the aerobic stability of silage without a concern regarding the large production of putrefactive BA.

Comparison of Biogenic Amines and Mycotoxins in Alfalfa and Red Clover Fodder Depending on Additives

“…The use of biological additive was not shown to affect the content of BA. This finding contrasted with the results of Nishino et al [5], who stated that biological additives containing Lactobacillus casei can reduce the content of BA in silage. However, these results were obtained in silage of festulolia and maize.…”

“…This could be the result of a low content of dry matter of ensiling biomass. Nishino et al [5] listed the content of histamine up to 195 mg·kg −1 in untreated grass silage. On the other hand, they mentioned that silage treated with biological additives reduced its content only by 10.3 to 18.9 mg·kg −1 .…”

“…The inoculation of Lactobacillus casei can lower BA concentrations, while the effects of Lacobacillus buchneri may vary considerably. The screening of But-producing activity may help to reduce the risk of contamination in inoculated silage [5]. The application of chemical additives has been shown to reduce Enterobacteriaceae counts and the level of amines in silages [6].…”

Biogenic amines and hygienic quality of lucerne silage

“…L. casei decreased the occurrence of histamine, tyramine, putrescine and cadaverine. L. buchenri reduced only putrescine and histamine [20]. In contrast to these results, we observed the occurrence of histamine to be highest for the biological treatment.…”

Effects of a dual-purpose bacterial inoculant on the fermentation characteristics of high-moisture maize silage and dairy cattle performance

“…The reduced DMI with Lactisil Maize may have resulted from the extensive fermentation and greater silage end-products (McAllister et al, 1998;Buxton et al, 2003). Moreover, Nishino et al (2007) reported increased concentrations of biogenic amines (tyramine and putrescine) in maize silage treated with L. buchneri, which can limit DMI (Lingaas & Tveit, 1992). The reduced milk yield (P <0.01) could be attributed to a decreased net energy intake due to the lower DMI in cows fed diets containing Lactisil Maize-inoculated silage.…”