Biogenesis of Circular RNAs

Vicens, Quentin; Westhof, Éric

doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.09.005

Cited by 308 publications

(247 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…[1][2][3] Seemingly the result of mistaken RNA splicing, the crucial roles and functions of circRNAs have not be well recognized until very recently and such discovery have permanently altered our perspectives toward cancer, especially in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. [4][5][6] To date, investigators have discovered 2 major kinds of circRNAs, the intronic and exonic circRNAs. Either containing introns or exons, both types of circRNAs can perform a variety of functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circular RNA participates in the carcinogenesis and the malignant behavior of cancer

2016

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Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are long, non-coding RNAs that result from the non-canonical splicing of linear premRNAs. However, the characteristics and the critical role of circRNA in co-/post-transcriptional regulation were not well recognized until the "microRNA sponge" function of circRNA is discovered. Recent studies have mainly been devoted to the function of the circular RNA sponge for miR-7 (ciRS-7) and sex-determining region Y (SRY) by targeting microRNA-7 (miR-7) and microRNA-138 (miR-138), respectively. In this review, we illustrate the specific role of circRNAs in a wide variety of cancers and in regulating the biological behavior of cancers via miR-7 or miR-138 regulation. Furthermore, circRNA, together with its gene silencing ability, also shows its potential in RNA interference (RNAi) therapy by binding to target RNAs, which provides a novel perspective in cancer treatment. Thus, this review concerns the biogenesis, biological function, oncogenesis, progression and possible therapies for cancer involving circRNAs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circular RNA participates in the carcinogenesis and the malignant behavior of cancer

2016

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“…For a long time, circular RNA molecules (circRNAs) lacking 3 0 or 5 0 termini were considered an unusual form of nucleic acids found in few viroids or viruses using a single-stranded RNA molecule as genetic material, participating in maturation of some tRNA genes, or, alternatively, a result of aberrant RNA splicing (for recent reviews, see [1][2][3] ). However, numerous recent genome-wide experimental and computational studies (RNAseq analyses) tailored toward detection of circRNAs have revealed this class of RNA molecules as abundant in eukarya, including humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-throughput sequencing reveals circular substrates for an archaeal RNA ligase

et al. 2017

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It is only recently that the abundant presence of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in all kingdoms of Life, including the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus abyssi, has emerged. This led us to investigate the physiologic significance of a previously observed weak intramolecular ligation activity of Pab1020 RNA ligase. Here we demonstrate that this enzyme, despite sharing significant sequence similarity with DNA ligases, is indeed an RNA-specific polynucleotide ligase efficiently acting on physiologically significant substrates. Using a combination of RNA immunoprecipitation assays and RNA-seq, our genome-wide studies revealed 133 individual circRNA loci in P. abyssi. The large majority of these loci interacted with Pab1020 in cells and circularization of selected C/D Box and 5S rRNA transcripts was confirmed biochemically. Altogether these studies revealed that Pab1020 is required for RNA circularization. Our results further suggest the functional speciation of an ancestral NTase domain and/or DNA ligase toward RNA ligase activity and prompt for further characterization of the widespread functions of circular RNAs in prokaryotes. Detailed insight into the cellular substrates of Pab1020 may facilitate the development of new biotechnological applications e.g. in ligation of preadenylated adaptors to RNA molecules.

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“…Since the majority of circRNAs are located within protein coding gene sequences and consist of exons, it is thought that RNA polymerase II (RNA pol II) transcribes them and that their biogenesis requires the spliceosome machinery [15]. Splicing generates circRNAs via a diverse set of proposed mechanisms (Figure 1) [8].…”

Section: Biogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CircRNAs may consist of transcribed exons with or without introns that are scrambled (e.g. a downstream sequence is spliced to an upstream one) [8]. Due to their closed loop form, they cannot be mapped directly to the genome, which is probably one of the reasons for the late discovery of these relatively new RNA species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circular RNAs: New Players in Gene Regulation

Andreeva¹,

Cooper²

2015

ABB

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The existence of circular RNAs (circRNAs) was demonstrated over 30 years ago. They did not gain much interest at the time because they appeared to be relatively rare when compared to the abundance of the canonical linear RNAs. However, more recent evidence suggests that circRNAs are abundant in cells and tissues and possess intriguing biological properties. These recent developments have renewed our interest in this novel class of molecules. This report will provide an overview of circRNAs, discuss how they may modify our understanding of gene regulation and indicate their most likely relevance to health. The circRNAs from viruses, bacteria and archaea are not in the scope of this report, and we focused this review on circRNAs in eukaryotes.

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Biogenesis of Circular RNAs

Cited by 308 publications

References 10 publications

Circular RNA participates in the carcinogenesis and the malignant behavior of cancer

Circular RNA participates in the carcinogenesis and the malignant behavior of cancer

High-throughput sequencing reveals circular substrates for an archaeal RNA ligase

Circular RNAs: New Players in Gene Regulation

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