Biogenesis, Composition and Potential Therapeutic Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived Exosomes in Various Diseases

Abstract

Exosomes are nanovesicles with a wide range of chemical compositions used in many different applications. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSCs-EXOs) are spherical vesicles that have been shown to mediate tissue regeneration in a variety of diseases, including neurological, autoimmune and inflammatory, cancer, ischemic heart disease, lung injury, and liver fibrosis. They can modulate the immune response by interacting with immune effector cells due to the presence of anti-inflammatory compounds and are involved in intercellular communication through various types of cargo. MSCs-EXOs exhibit cytokine storm-mitigating properties in response to COVID-19. This review discussed the potential function of MSCs-EXOs in a variety of diseases including neurological, notably epileptic encephalopathy and Parkinson’s disease, cancer, angiogenesis, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. We provided an overview of exosome biogenesis and factors that regulate exosome biogenesis. Additionally, we highlight the functions and potential use of MSCs-EXOs in the treatment of the inflammatory disease COVID-19. Finally, we covered a strategies and challenges of MSCs-EXOs. Finally, we discuss conclusion and future perspectives of MSCs-EXOs.

Function and mechanism of exosomes derived from different cells as communication mediators in colorectal cancer metastasis

“…As regulators of the TME, MSCs release exosomes and their involvement in tumor occurrence and metastasis is controlled by many growth factor receptors, including EGFR and PDGFR. 129 Elevated ITGA6 expression is correlated with unfavorable overall survival in patients with CRC. Exosomes derived from MSCs carrying miR-3940-5p target ITGA6 and subsequently deactivate TGF-β1, thereby inhibiting invasion and EMT of CRC cells, as well as suppressing tumor growth and metastasis.…”

Stem cells derived exosomes as biological nano carriers for VCR sulfate for treating breast cancer stem cells

“…Moreover, they can be engineered to target specific cells or tissues, enhancing drug selectivity and efficacy 8 , 9 . Numerous studies have explored the potential of MSC-Exos as drug delivery vehicles, including delivering anti-inflammatory medications for conditions like arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease, as well as therapeutic compounds for cardiovascular diseases 10 .…”