Biogas Production Depending on the Substrate Used: A Review and Evaluation Study—European Examples

Abstract

Biogas production is the most important and promising alternative for replacing fossil fuels in an environmentally friendly manner. Along with the many renewable energy sources available, biogas production occupies an irreplaceable position due to the undeniable availability of biomass and the need to manage agro-commercial waste. The article reviews the current state of technology used in the production of biogas for selected European examples in terms of methane fermentation efficiency and actual energy production. The novelty of the article is its description of innovative trends that have great potential to play an important role in this field in the near future. The development of the biogas industry in Europe is evident, although the dynamics vary from country to country. Different models are presented, which are based on the different types of feedstock used for biogas production and the proportion of substrates used in co-digesters. Of course, Germany is the undisputed pioneer in the use of this renewable energy source. Nevertheless, the efforts to improve energy self-reliance and environmental impacts are reflected in the growing number of operational biogas plants in other European countries, which provides hope for rapid progress toward the complete abolition of the conventional exploitation of fossil fuels.

Efektivitas Produksi Biogas Mini Dari Limbah Dapur (KW) Dan Kotoran Sapi (CM)

“…Namun, dalam permasalahan ini, biogas mengacu pada berbagai macam gas yang dihasilkan melalui metode pengolahan khusus, mulai dari berbagai limbah organik-sampah organik industri, hewan, perumahan, dan lain-lain, (Odejobi dkk., 2023). Hal ini merupakan ukuran komitmen negara dalam mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca dan penyebaran sumber energi terbarukan, (Ignatowicz et al, 2023). Secara tidak langsung, situasi ini dapat membantu mengekang permasalahan yang meluas ini tidak hanya di Malaysia namun juga di banyak negara lain yang menghadapi permasalahan serupa.…”

Enhancing the Fermentation Process in Biogas Production from Animal and Plant Waste Substrates in the Southeastern Region of Bulgaria

“…Huge amounts of waste raw materials are unavoidably generated every day, and this makes it increasingly difficult to deal with them. This is one of the key environmental problems of the modern world [2,3]. In this regard, programs for sustainable waste management and their processing have been introduced in a number of countries [4].…”

Reuse and Valorization of Solid Digestate Ashes from Biogas Production

“…Global urbanization and industrial and economic processes produce solid waste that the Earth cannot sustain without suffering irreversible consequences [3,4]. The continuous increase in the formation of solid waste [5], sewage sludge generated from wastewater treatments [6], farming [7], and food residues [8] is an alarming problem. Its resolution should become a universal priority [5].…”