Biogas for Transport Sector: Current Status, Barriers, and Path Forward for Large-Scale Adaptation

Effects of spatial distribution of CO2 dilution on localised forced ignition of stoichiometric biogas-air mixtures

“…The initial bimodal and Gaussian distributions of the mixture composition have been chosen in such a manner to mimic real-life biogas combustors, and engine modifications widely used in eastern Europe, India and Bangladesh to utilize biogas instead of petroleumbased fuels due to its availability and low cost (Koonaphapdeelert, Aggarangsi, Moran 2020;Korberg, Skov, Mathiesen 2020;Mustafi and Agarwal 2020;Patterson et al 2011;Rafiee et al 2021). The overall composition of the biogas may be controlled (i.e.…”

“…Interest in alternative fuel solutions has increased over the years, and the transportation industry and governments are making a concerted effort to move to renewable and ecofriendly solutions to meet ever more stringent emissions and pollution standards (Koonaphapdeelert, Aggarangsi, Moran 2020;Korberg, Skov, Mathiesen 2020;Mustafi and Agarwal 2020;Patterson et al 2011;Rafiee et al 2021). Despite electric vehicles being heralded as the future of the industry, the use of the internal combustion engine is expected to play a dominant role for the upcoming decades due to existing investment in such technologies along with its widespread use.…”

“…In many of these places, the cost of conventional fossil fuels is high, and thus there is a demand for solutions that are cost-effective, renewable, efficient and functional under a wide range of operating conditions. One solution which has been gaining traction in recent years in Singapore (Koonaphapdeelert, Aggarangsi, Moran 2020;Mustafi and Agarwal 2020), Middle East (IRENA 2018), Eastern Europe (Papacz 2011) and Nordic (Persson 2007) countries, is the alteration of internal combustion engines operating on fossil fuels to operate them using Biogas-air mixtures for personal and light commercial vehicles (Barik and Murugan 2014;Crookes 2006;Jatana et al 2014;Shah et al 2017). The modifications required for such an alteration are straightforward, cheap, and allow the vehicle not only to run using solely fossil fuels as originally designed, but also to operate using a mixture consisting primarily of biogas mixed with the existing fuel (EU and Bluesky 2018; Surataa et al 2014).…”

“…Due to its organic nature, its storage is significantly less risky than that of fossil fuels, making it an attractive energy source for smaller countries looking to become energy independent and move to renewable energy production. In-depth reviews (Koonaphapdeelert, Aggarangsi, Moran 2020;Korberg, Skov, Mathiesen 2020;Mustafi and Agarwal 2020;Patterson et al 2011;Rafiee et al 2021) of biogas utilization ranging from instructional to a high technical level have been published to aid the efficiency of biogas utilization. These reviews indicate that biogas utilization and upgrading is still a developing field, with a strong demand on both micro (personal) and macro (governmental and institutional) levels, for the numerous reasons mentioned above.…”

Effects of the spatial distribution of CO2 dilution on localised forced ignition of stoichiometric CH4 - CO2 - air mixtures

“…Interest in alternative fuel solutions has increased over the years, and the transportation industry and governments are making a concerted effort to move to renewable and eco-friendly solutions to meet ever more stringent emissions and pollution standards (Patterson et al, 2011;Mustafi et al, 2020;Koonaphapdeelert et al, 2020;Korberg et al, 2020;Rafiee et al, 2021). Despite electric vehicles being heralded as the future of the industry, the use of the internal combustion engine is expected to play a dominant role for the upcoming decades due to existing investment in such technologies along with its widespread use.…”