Biofuels as an alternative fuel for West Pomeranian fishing fleet

Szczepanek, Marcin

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1172/1/012074

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…One of the threats that may occur during the operation of marine piston combustion engines is the deterioration of lubrication conditions, which is influenced by the design [1][2][3] and technical condition of the engine [4][5][6], and type of oil [7][8][9] and fuel [10][11][12] with which the engine is powered. There are many research results devoted to assessing the efficiency and reliability of internal combustion engines with contaminated circulating lubricating oil (LO) [13][14][15], including fuel-diluted lube oil (both distillation and residual) [16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arrhenius Equation for Calculating Viscosity in Assessing the Dilution Level of Lubricating Oil with Diesel Oil—A Case Study of SAE 30 and SAE 40 Grade Marine Lubricating Oils

Chybowski,

Szczepanek,

Gawdzińska

2024

Energies

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This article proposes using the Arrhenius model for estimating the viscosity of a mixture of two liquids in the quantitative assessment of the physicochemical properties of lubricating oils in the context of assessing the level of dilution of lubricating oil with diesel oil. Dynamic are made of mixtures of lubricating oil and diesel oil with known concentrations of 0, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100% m/m of the diesel oil content in the mixture. Mixtures of the most popular oils (viscosity classes SAE 30 and SAE 40) with diesel oil that meet the requirements of the DMX of the marine distillate fuels category are prepared and tested. Viscosity measurements are performed at 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 °C temperatures. The Arrhenius model is used to estimate the viscosity of the mixtures with an assumed diesel oil content and to estimate the diesel oil concentration in the mixtures with a known measured viscosity value. In both cases, the absolute estimation error is determined, and the accuracy of the estimation is assessed against the known concentration of diesel oil in the mixture with lubricating oil and the temperature at which the viscosity is measured. The estimated concentrations of diesel oil in mixtures with lubricating oil are useful to assess the condition of the lubricating oil (for concentrations of diesel oil lower than 5% m/m). The method is proposed to be used in practice to support standard laboratory oil analysis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arrhenius Equation for Calculating Viscosity in Assessing the Dilution Level of Lubricating Oil with Diesel Oil—A Case Study of SAE 30 and SAE 40 Grade Marine Lubricating Oils

Chybowski,

Szczepanek,

Gawdzińska

2024

Energies

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“…The ignition delay determines the course of the combustion (parameters) and the loads on the elements of the crank-piston system [10] and [11] (pp. [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48], the thermal efficiency [12,13], the intake air parameters [14], and the emissions of harmful exhaust components [12,15].…”

Section: Introduction 1modification Of the Characteristics Of A Combu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For marine engines running on residual fuels, the fuel is heated so that the viscosity of the fuel before the injector meets the engine manufacturer's requirements, typically 10-20 mm 2 /s (10-20 cSt) [43]. In the case of distillate fuels, the fuel viscosities are <10 mm 2 /s (<10 cSt), which is due to the composition of these fuels [44].…”

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confidence: 99%

The Effect of Internal Combustion Engine Nozzle Needle Profile on Fuel Atomization Quality

Klyus,

Szczepanek,

Kidacki

et al. 2024

Energies

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This article presents the results of research on the impact of changing the cross-section of an atomizer’s flow channel, which is caused by changing the flow geometry of the passive part of the needle on the drop diameter distribution of the fuel spray. A three-hole type H1LMK, 148/1 atomizer with hole diameters, dN, equal to 0.34 mm, is analyzed. A nozzle with a standard (i.e., unmodified) needle and three nozzles using needles with a modified profile in the flow part of the needle, marked by the code signatures 1L, 2L, and 3L, are tested. An increasing level of fuel turbulence characterizes the needles during the flow along their flow part due to the use of one (1L), two (2L), and three (3L) de Laval toroidal nozzles, respectively, obtained by mechanically shaping the outer surface of the flow part of the spray needle. The spray produced is tested using the Malvern Spraytec STP 500 device cooperating with the dedicated Malvern version 4.0. During the tests, measurements and an analysis of the spray droplet size distribution over the entire injection duration, equal to 7 ± 2 ms, are made for each nozzle. The experiment makes it possible to determine the effect of the nozzle needles’ profiles on the time distribution of the actual droplet diameters; the time distribution of the Sauter mean droplet diameters, D[3,2]; the percentile shares of the droplet diameters Dv (10), Dv (50), and Dv (90); the distribution span during the development of the spray stream; and the time distribution of the shares of the droplets with diameters belonging to selected diameter classes D[x1−x2] in the spray. The results of the measurements of the drop diameter distribution indicate that using atomizers with a modification to the flow channel allows for an increase in the share of droplets with smaller diameters compared to the standard atomizer.

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“…There are two extreme approaches in the literature to the subject of lubricating oil contamination by diesel oil, and the effects of this contamination on engine operation [4], e.g., the seizing of bearings in the crank-piston system [5]. The first is the approach presented in a paper published by Ferguson [6] and by CIMAC [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…. q = C m pµ = S gr µ, (4) where C m denotes the average planning speed (m/s), p is the unit pressure (Pa), S gr is the factor of proportionality, and µ is the friction coefficient (−).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Impact of Lubricating Oil Contamination by Biodiesel on Trunk Piston Engine Reliability

2023

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The rheological, ignition, and tribological properties of lubricating oils diluted with biodiesel were analyzed. The flash point tFP, calculated cetane index CCI, density ρ, coefficient of the temperature density change ε, kinematic viscosity ν, dynamic viscosity η, viscosity index VI, and lubricity during a High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFFR) test (x, y, WSD, and WS1.4) and lubricating conditions during an HFFR test (oil film resistance FILM and friction coefficient μ) were determined. The test was performed for the oil mixtures of the lubricating oil of the SAE 30 and SAE 40 viscosity grades, which were diluted with the biodiesel blend (D93B7—diesel oil with 7% v/v fatty acid methyl esters, FAME) at concentrations of diesel oil in the mixture equal to 0% (pure lubricating oil), 1%, 2%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 50%, and 75% m/m, respectively. The experiment confirmed the existence of clear relationships between the increase in the dilution of lubricating oil with tested biodiesel blend and tFP, ρ, ε, ν, η, and VI, and the deterioration of lubrication conditions. It is recommended to take remedial action even in the case of low diesel oil concentration (<5% m/m) in the lubricating oil due to tFP, ν, and η changes. Simultaneously, the tests showed no significant effect on the lubricity and the CCI. The critical contamination of oil with fuel in the range of 2–5% by weight, as indicated in the literature, still allowed for a certain “safety margin” regarding these parameters. However, when the concentration of diesel fuel in the lubricating oil exceeded 5–8% m/m, the deterioration of the lubrication was expressed by a decrease in FILM and an increase in μ was observed; hence, such a contamination should be considered excessive. When the concentration of diesel fuel exceeds 10% by weight, there is a serious risk of engine damage during operation.

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Biofuels as an alternative fuel for West Pomeranian fishing fleet

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Arrhenius Equation for Calculating Viscosity in Assessing the Dilution Level of Lubricating Oil with Diesel Oil—A Case Study of SAE 30 and SAE 40 Grade Marine Lubricating Oils

Arrhenius Equation for Calculating Viscosity in Assessing the Dilution Level of Lubricating Oil with Diesel Oil—A Case Study of SAE 30 and SAE 40 Grade Marine Lubricating Oils

The Effect of Internal Combustion Engine Nozzle Needle Profile on Fuel Atomization Quality

Assessment of the Impact of Lubricating Oil Contamination by Biodiesel on Trunk Piston Engine Reliability

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