Biofuel Surrogate Oxidation: Insoluble Deposits Formation Studied by Small-Angle X-ray Scattering and Small Angle Neutron Scattering

Fortunato, Maira Alves; Labaume, J.; Cologon, Perrine; Barré, Loı̈c

doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.8b02055

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Supramolecular characterization, dynamic kinetics and mechanistic studies coupled with more accurate X-ray measurements can be used to obtain more information on the formation of particles followed by their deposition in the engine system. A biofuel surrogate was tested by Alves-Fortunato et al 140 in oxidation tests conducted in a Parr reactor under different conditions. Small-angle X-ray scattering and small-angle neutron scattering were used to follow the nucleation and growth steps of the insoluble deposit precursors.…”

Section: Further Chemical Analytical Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative stability of biodiesel: recent insights

Longanesi

Pereira

Johnston

et al. 2021

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Biodiesel, the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) of vegetable and animal oil, is now used extensively worldwide, with blends of up to 7% common. The blending level is still somewhat limited due to a perceived susceptibility of these fuels to oxidation. Oxidation follows a number of pathways, with the primary mechanism being auto-oxidation, a radical process that results in the production of a range of oxygenated components. These eventually increase the viscosity of the fuel and form deposits detrimental to operation. Further fuel properties are also heavily reliant on the level of oxidation. As such, one of the main challenges in the use of biodiesel is its long-term instability when stored. Typically synthetic antioxidants have been used to address this issue; however, these systems can also add to the formation of deposits, as well as hazardous emissions, on combustion. Recently, research has focused on novel antioxidant development mainly from plant extracts, although there are a number of other routes for improved performance, including the commercialization of hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO), a prominent alternative to FAME-based biodiesel due to its higher stability, straight chain paraffin composition, and better cold flow properties. In this review, the factors that promote this oxidation are presented, including molecular composition, metal contamination, temperature and light exposure, as well as the latest findings on the inclusion of HVO, the current state-of-the-art analytical techniques employed, and the impact of higher pressure injection systems on vehicles that demonstrate deposit formation is not solely due to the unsaturated biodiesel components.

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Section: Further Chemical Analytical Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative stability of biodiesel: recent insights

Longanesi

Pereira

Johnston

et al. 2021

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…According to Fang et McCornick, [10] autoxidation products could be kept in suspension into the liquid phase fuel depending on their polarity and/or molecular weight as well as the interaction with the solvent. Our last work [11] on oxidation process of biofuel surrogate (methyl oleate/n-dodecane) has shown that during oxidation small aggregates are formed, fuel color changes and phase separation occurs when the number of clusters in the liquid phase is higher than 10 and with a molecular weight larger than 3500 g/mol, the aggregates sizes increases linearly with the number of particles and, at the same time, oxygenate products epoxides and ketones can be identified, they could certainly increase the polarity of the sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%