Biofuel from leather waste fat to lower diesel engine emissions: Valuable solution for lowering fossil fuel usage and perception on waste management

Devarajan, Yuvarajan; Jayabal, Ravikumar; Munuswamy, Dineshbabu; Ganesan, S.; Varuvele, Edwin Geo

doi:10.1016/j.psep.2022.07.001

Cited by 38 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Therefore, it is necessary to assess the impact of inaccuracy on output from the aforementioned devices for the current study in order to obtain accurate data from the instruments. After going through various research articles on uncertainty analysis, − the following uncertainty measurements were performed in this experiment and are shown in Table .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For 30% leather waste methyl ester–70% diesel blend, the engine showed minimum emission behavior. 28 For the purpose of facilitating the ignition pattern of a diesel engine powered by waste seed biodiesel, propane was induced with air at various liters per minute. The addition of propane at 6 lpm reduced HC by 0.04 g/kW h, CO by 0.5 g/kW h, and smoke emission by 0.4 BSU at all brake powers from neat waste seed biodiesel with 0.9 g/kW h higher NO X .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The result showed that the BTE of the engine was reduced when fueled with all types of blends under every loading conditions, but the BSFC was increased. For 30% leather waste methyl ester–70% diesel blend, the engine showed minimum emission behavior . For the purpose of facilitating the ignition pattern of a diesel engine powered by waste seed biodiesel, propane was induced with air at various liters per minute.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overall Performance Investigation and Optimization of a Multi-fuel Operated Compression Ignition Engine Using Coupled Taguchi and Grey Relational Analysis

Mishra¹,

Mohapatra

Sahoo³

et al. 2022

ACS Omega

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Biofuels are regarded as the best diesel fuel substitute due to their low sulfur concentration, reduced aromatic hydrocarbon content, renewable nature, and higher oxygen content. In this research article, the impact of producer gas, Calophyllum inophyllum oil, diesel, and a blend of C. inophyllum–producer gas fuel on a variable compression ratio (VCR) compression ignition (CI) engine, and the performance and emission parameters are evaluated. Several test runs are undertaken at a constant speed of 1500 rpm to predict the performance and emission characteristics of the test engine by changing input parameters such as engine load, CR, and fuel mode of operation. The brake thermal efficiency, BTE, is considered the performance characteristic, and CO, HC, NO X , and opacity are considered the emission characteristics for the present study. The biofuel, or producer gas, employed in this study is prepared from waste biomasses, such as leaves, small tree branches, vegetable waste, and cow dung, aiding waste management for a sustainable environment. In addition, a coupled Taguchi–Grey relational analysis technique is used to predict the best possible combination of control factors for optimizing the overall output responses. 12 kg load, a CR of 18, and diesel fuel are found to be the optimum input parameters of an engine toward optimum performance. A confirmation test is performed at the end to validate the outcome of the experiment. An enhancement in performance of 22.75% is observed with the considered Grey relational grade model.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overall Performance Investigation and Optimization of a Multi-fuel Operated Compression Ignition Engine Using Coupled Taguchi and Grey Relational Analysis

Mishra¹,

Mohapatra

Sahoo³

et al. 2022

ACS Omega

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“…However, the consequences of combusting TME/diesel blends made with nanocatalysts in a diesel engine have yet to be described in the literature. − So far, the effects of combusting blends of fatty acid methyl ester − prepared using homogeneous catalysts like NaOH or KOH and diesel in the diesel engine have been reported. − Therefore, the current study is “first of its kind,” which reports the effects of combusting blends of fatty acid alkyl ester prepared using a nanocatalyst and diesel in the diesel engine. However, there is currently no study to support the use of heterogeneous catalysts in the hydrodynamic cavitation method for biodiesel synthesis. , The use of a photocatalyst in the synthesis of biodiesel has not yet been investigated . The current study is the first one which studies it utilizing an enhanced technology, hydrodynamic cavitation, which can produce biodiesel that is both cheaper and cleaner. , There has not been much research done on using UV light and hydrodynamic cavitation to produce biodiesel, − thus there are opportunities to experiment in this field …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there is currently no study to support the use of heterogeneous catalysts in the hydrodynamic cavitation method for biodiesel synthesis. 37 , 38 The use of a photocatalyst in the synthesis of biodiesel has not yet been investigated. 39 The current study is the first one which studies it utilizing an enhanced technology, hydrodynamic cavitation, which can produce biodiesel that is both cheaper and cleaner.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation, Characterization, and Evaluation of Emission and Performance Characteristics of Thumba Methyl Ester (Biodiesel)

Patil¹,

Baral

Mohanty

et al. 2022

ACS Omega

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Thumba oil with a higher triglyceride content can be a promising feed for synthesizing a fatty acid alkyl ester as an alternative to pure diesel. The current study investigates the emission and performance characteristics of thumba methyl ester (TME) in compression ignition (CI) engines corresponding to variable loads and compression ratios (CRs), respectively. TME was prepared at an optimized pressure of 5 bar by hydrodynamic cavitation. The properties of TME–diesel blends with varied volume percentages of biodiesel, such as 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25, denoted B5, B10, B15, B20, and B25, respectively, were compared to pure TME (100% biodiesel) and pure diesel (100%). The B20 biodiesel blend has been observed as the optimal one based on the lower emission composition and higher brake thermal efficiency. For B20 fuel, injection at 23° before the top dead center (TDC) and a CR of 18 resulted in the lowest brake specific fuel consumption of 0.32 kg/kW h and a maximum brake thermal efficiency of 36.5%. Using titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the pre-stage of TME manufacturing has ultimately reduced the nitrogen oxide, hydrocarbon, and carbon monoxide emissions. At a CR of 18 and advanced injection 23° before TDC for a CI engine, TME derived from thumba oil has the potential to be a viable diesel substitute.

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Hydrocarbon fuel blendstock from tannery waste: energy from fleshing oil via gas phase catalytic cracking

Onem,

Heil,

Yesil

et al. 2024

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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The global leather industry generates large quantities of tannery waste. These leather wastes have a high fat content, which could be used for valuable products. This study focuses on the conversion of such fats into a biocrude to be distilled into a bio‐based hydrocarbon fuel blendstock. A biorefining technology defined as ‘gas‐phase catalytic cracking’ (GCC) over activated carbons, also referred to as ‘greasoline’, was used for conversion, and GC–MS/FID and simulated distillation for product characterization. The experiments were performed at ambient pressure and 450 °C reaction temperature, with 40 g h−1 of fat being processed over 55 g of steam‐activated carbon under a nitrogen atmosphere for a duration of 4 h. Fleshing oil obtained from the pre‐fleshing of double‐face lambskins by extraction with supercritical CO2 yielded almost the same mass fraction of organic liquid product (OLP) (59 wt%) as palm oil used as a reference (62 wt%). In both OLPs, n‐alkanes from heptane to heptadecane predominate, with a clear predominance of n‐pentadecane and n‐heptadecane and no unsaturated molecules among the major components. For both oils, about 85 wt% of the OLP is in the boiling range of diesel fuel, and about another 12 wt% is in the gasoline boiling range. The results show that mixtures of fatty acids extracted from leather tanning wastes can be used for value‐added products – in particular for the production of bio‐based hydrocarbon fuel blendstock.

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Biofuel from leather waste fat to lower diesel engine emissions: Valuable solution for lowering fossil fuel usage and perception on waste management

Cited by 38 publications

References 33 publications

Overall Performance Investigation and Optimization of a Multi-fuel Operated Compression Ignition Engine Using Coupled Taguchi and Grey Relational Analysis

Overall Performance Investigation and Optimization of a Multi-fuel Operated Compression Ignition Engine Using Coupled Taguchi and Grey Relational Analysis

Preparation, Characterization, and Evaluation of Emission and Performance Characteristics of Thumba Methyl Ester (Biodiesel)

Hydrocarbon fuel blendstock from tannery waste: energy from fleshing oil via gas phase catalytic cracking

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