Biofriendly, Stretchable, and Reusable Hydrogel Electronics as Wearable Force Sensors

Liu, Hao; Li, Moxiao; Ouyang, Cheng; Lu, Tian Jian; Li, Fēi; Xu, Feng

doi:10.1002/smll.201801711

Cited by 152 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…The as-prepared strain sensor exhibits excellent insensitive properties toward buckling, torsion, temperature, and humidity stimuli. Based on the high sensing performance, the fiber-shaped strain sensor detects human movements precisely by directly attaching to skin or embedding in garments, demonstrating huge potential in human-machine interfaces, health monitoring application, etc.Recently, stretchable devices have attracted lots of researchers on the basis of their significant impact and promotion in various fields, including wearable electronics, [1,2] actuators, [3,4] Adv.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra‐Stretchable Porous Fiber‐Shaped Strain Sensor with Exponential Response in Full Sensing Range and Excellent Anti‐Interference Ability toward Buckling, Torsion, Temperature, and Humidity

Zhai

Yun

et al. 2019

Adv Elect Materials

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transistors, [5,6] flexible displays, [7,8] energy devices, [9][10][11] mechanical sensors, [12][13][14][15][16] etc. Stretchable conductive fibrous composites as a vital part of stretchable devices are very promising for wearable electronics in the near future as they can be easily manufactured in abundance and facilely knitted into garments. [17,18] Currently, stretchable fibers are requested to possess high sensitivity and stretchability to meet the applications such as health monitoring, and e-skins. [19,20] Here, the main arguments accounting for the properties of strain sensors are sensitivity, stretchability, and stability.Fibrous strain sensors have gained great development on the tuning of microstructure and sensing properties, recently. [21] Zhang et al. prepared a carbonized silk fiber as the main component of a wearable and ultra-stretchable strain sensor (500% workable strain). [22] Compared with the natural stretchable fibers, wet-spinning is a universal method for industrial manufacture of serial fibers for many decades, providing a general strategy for producing high performance fibers. [23] Previously, Tang et al. constructed an Ecoflex/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) coresheath fiber, which exhibited high stretchability (above 300% strain), good stability (over 10 000 cycles), low hysteresis, and favorable hydrophobicity. [20] Lee et al. fabricated a thermoplastic As a crucial element for wearable devices, high-performance strain sensors have been spotlighted as an ideal strategy to develop machine-human interfaces and healthcare systems. It still remains a huge challenge to construct flexible strain sensors with equational response in a broad range. Herein, highly stretchable multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-decorated thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) fibers with a porous microstructure are produced through a scalable and facile strategy by wet-spinning and ultrasonication. The fiber is composed of pure TPU fibers with MWCNTs decorated on the surface. The porous fiber is then assembled as a strain sensor. Interestingly, the effective MWCNTs distribution on the TPU fiber enables exponential sensing over the whole strain range. The sensor possesses a high gauge factor (GF, 102 at 300% strain), very large workable sensing range (300% strain), excellent durability (10 000 cycles), light weight (0.85 g cm −3 ), and fast response (200 ms). The as-prepared strain sensor exhibits excellent insensitive properties toward buckling, torsion, temperature, and humidity stimuli. Based on the high sensing performance, the fiber-shaped strain sensor detects human movements precisely by directly attaching to skin or embedding in garments, demonstrating huge potential in human-machine interfaces, health monitoring application, etc.Recently, stretchable devices have attracted lots of researchers on the basis of their significant impact and promotion in various fields, including wearable electronics, [1,2] actuators, [3,4] Adv.

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confidence: 99%

Ultra‐Stretchable Porous Fiber‐Shaped Strain Sensor with Exponential Response in Full Sensing Range and Excellent Anti‐Interference Ability toward Buckling, Torsion, Temperature, and Humidity

Zhai

Yun

et al. 2019

Adv Elect Materials

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“…In past few years, hydrogel tactile sensors have been developed with high pressure sensitivity and other additional functions, such as reusability, robust elasticity, large stretchability, self‐healability, and adhesiveness . Their high flexibility, stretchability, and similar Young's moduli to biological tissues are favorable for applications in bionic and medical engineering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1,2] Human's skin can sense a tiny force as low as 10 Pa with a However, most of these tactile sensors are related to electron behaviors in the system, which is still distinct from the ionrelated biological sensation. [1,2,24,25] In past few years, hydrogel tactile sensors have been developed with high pressure sensitivity and other additional functions, [26] such as reusability, [27] robust elasticity, [28] large stretchability, [28,29] self-healability, [28,30] and adhesiveness. [30] Their high flexibility, stretchability, and similar Young's moduli to biological tissues are favorable for applications in bionic and medical engineering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasensitive, Low‐Voltage Operational, and Asymmetric Ionic Sensing Hydrogel for Multipurpose Applications

Ding

Xin

Yang

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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Current artificial tactile sensors mostly exploit a variety of electron‐related physical mechanisms to obtain high sensitivity and low detection force. However, these mechanisms are still distinct from the ion‐related biological processes of human's tactile sensation, and are therefore away from the goal of bionic applications. In the past few years, only several types of ionic tactile sensors have been proposed, and they are still subject to low sensitivity. Here, a novel type of ultrasensitive hydrogel tactile sensor is reported based on asymmetric ionic charge injection as the working mechanism, named as asymmetric ionic sensing hydrogel (AISH). With a small external working voltage of only tens of millivolts, these AISH devices show an extremely low detection force of 0.075 Pa, ultrahigh sensitivity of 57–171 kPa−1, and excellent cycling reliability upon pressing. Applications of these ultrasensitive tactile sensors in fingerprint identification of voice, monitoring of pulse waves, and detection of underwater wave signals are experimentally demonstrated. Combining the merits of simple fabrication process, ionic‐type detection mechanism, and ion injection procedure, such AISH sensors not only reveal a new strategy toward highly sensitive tactile sensors, but also show realistic potential applications in future wearable electronic and bioelectronic devices.

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“…It is well known that hydrogel is a bio‐origin flexible material, which consists of a great deal of water and 3D chemically or physically linked polymer networks . In addition, hydrogels possess excellent bio‐permeability and can be decorated with functional bio‐macromolecules, further improving the combination of hydrogel and human physiological environment . These appealing features provide the hydrogel with structural similarity to biological tissue with outstanding stretchability and good self‐recovery property over traditional soft materials (such as silicone elastomer) in the preparation of stretchable electronics, which makes it an ideal candidate for soft substrate of wearable and flexible strain sensors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Stretchable, Transparent, and Bio‐Friendly Strain Sensor Based on Self‐Recovery Ionic‐Covalent Hydrogels for Human Motion Monitoring

Sun

Zhou

et al. 2019

Macro Materials & Eng

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Stretchable, flexible, and strain‐sensitive hydrogels have gained tremendous attention due to their potential application in health monitoring devices and artificial intelligence. Nevertheless, it is still a huge challenge to develop an integrated strain sensor with excellent mechanical properties, broad sensing range, high transparency, biocompatibility, and self‐recovery. Herein, a simple paradigm of stretchable strain sensor based on multifunctional hydrogels is prepared by constructing synergistic effects among polyacrylamide (PAM), biocompatible macromolecule sodium alginate (SA), and Ca ion in covalently and ionically crosslinked networks. Under large deformation, the dynamic SA‐Ca2+ bonds effectively dissipate energy, serving as sacrificial bonds, while the PAM chains bridge the crack and stabilize the network, endowing hydrogels with outstanding mechanical performances, for instance, high stretchability and compressibility, as well as excellent self‐recovery performance. The hydrogel is assembled to be a transparent and wearable strain sensor, which has good sensitivity and very wide sensing range (0–1700%), and can precisely detect dynamic strains, including both low and high strains (20–800% strain). It also exhibits fast response time (800 ms) and long‐time stability (200 cycles). The sensor can monitor and distinguish complicated human motions, opening up a new route for broad potential applications of eco‐friendly flexible strain‐sensing devices.

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Biofriendly, Stretchable, and Reusable Hydrogel Electronics as Wearable Force Sensors

Cited by 152 publications

References 37 publications

Ultra‐Stretchable Porous Fiber‐Shaped Strain Sensor with Exponential Response in Full Sensing Range and Excellent Anti‐Interference Ability toward Buckling, Torsion, Temperature, and Humidity

Ultra‐Stretchable Porous Fiber‐Shaped Strain Sensor with Exponential Response in Full Sensing Range and Excellent Anti‐Interference Ability toward Buckling, Torsion, Temperature, and Humidity

Ultrasensitive, Low‐Voltage Operational, and Asymmetric Ionic Sensing Hydrogel for Multipurpose Applications

Highly Stretchable, Transparent, and Bio‐Friendly Strain Sensor Based on Self‐Recovery Ionic‐Covalent Hydrogels for Human Motion Monitoring

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