Biofortification with Zinc and Iron Improves the Grain Quality and Yield of Wheat Crop

Ramzan, Yasir; Hafeez, Muhammad Bilal; Khan, Shahbaz; Nadeem, Majid; Saleem-ur-Rahman,; Batool, Sumaira; Ahmad, Javed

doi:10.1007/s42106-020-00100-w

Cited by 93 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The Zn and Fe content in the wheat grains grown in Southern Brazil were insufficient to meet the human daily demand, whereas the Cu and Mn content met the daily requirements [ 5 ]. More than half of the worldwide population suffers from micronutrient deficiencies, particularly Zn and Fe deficiencies, because their daily diet depends on cereal crops [ 65 ]. The Fe content of refined flour, whole-wheat flour, and wheat bran is 1.17 mg⋅100 g −1 , 3.86 mg⋅100 g −1 , and 10.75 mg⋅100 g −1 , respectively [ 30 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimisation of the Extrusion Process through a Response Surface Methodology for Improvement of the Physical Properties and Nutritional Components of Whole Black-Grained Wheat Flour

Liu

Huang

et al. 2021

Foods

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Chronic undernourishment affects billions of people. The development of whole-grain food with high nutritional quality may provide a valuable solution to nutritional security. Black-grained wheat (BGW), as a rich source of protein and micronutrients, is a good raw material for value-added products. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of barrel temperature, feed moisture content, and feed rate on the physical properties and nutritional components of whole BGW flour extrudates and to optimise their processing conditions by using the response surface methodology. The increasing barrel temperature, feed moisture content, and feed rate affected the specific volume, expansion ratio, hardness, fracturability, water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI), and total starch content of the extrudates, but did not significantly affect the content of protein, ash, iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn). The extruded wheat flour had a significantly higher content of Fe and Cu, and a lower total starch content than the unextruded flour under extrusion conditions. A significantly higher content of protein, ash, Zn, Cu, and Mn, and a significantly lower total starch content were found in the extruded and unextruded flours made of whole BGW than in those made of whole white-grained wheat. According to the significance of the regression coefficients of the quadratic polynomial model, the optimum extrusion parameters were as follows: a barrel temperature of 145.63 °C, feed moisture content of 19.56%, and feed rate of 40.64 g·min−1 in terms of the maximum specific volume, expansion ratio, fracturability, WAI and WSI, and the minimum hardness. These results may be used by food manufacturers to successfully develop extruded products from whole BGW flour, meeting consumer demands and needs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimisation of the Extrusion Process through a Response Surface Methodology for Improvement of the Physical Properties and Nutritional Components of Whole Black-Grained Wheat Flour

Liu

Huang

et al. 2021

Foods

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“…We found in fields 2 and 4, as also [ 62 ], through pulverization with Zn-EDTA, further working with bread wheat, did not find significant differences of grain yield/test weight. Yet, [ 61 , 67 ] it was found in an opposite trend for grain yield and TKW, which could be attributed to different growth conditions and genotype specificity. Nonetheless, following [ 68 ], in general, in both genotype top-dressings, all wheat fields with N boost both grain yield and protein amounts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc Enrichment in Two Contrasting Genotypes of Triticum aestivum L. Grains: Interactions between Edaphic Conditions and Foliar Fertilizers

Luís

Lidon

Pessoa

et al. 2021

Plants

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This study aimed to assess the implications of Zn enrichment in wheat grains as a function of contrasting genotypes, edaphic conditions and foliar fertilizers. Triticum aestivum L. varieties Roxo and Paiva were grown in four production fields, and sprayed with ZnSO4 (0, 16.20 and 36.40 kg/ha) Zn-EDTA (0, 6.30 and 12.60 kg/ha) and Tecnifol Zinc (0, 3.90 and 7.80 kg/ha). The heterogeneous edaphic conditions of the wheat fields were chemically characterized, it being found that soil properties determine different Zn accumulation in the grains of both genotypes. Foliar spraying enhanced to different extents Zn content in the grains of both genotypes, but the average of enrichment indexes varied among the wheat fields. Zinc mostly accumulated in the embryo and vascular bundle and to a lesser extent in the endosperm. Grain yield and test weight sprayed by ZnSO4 gave the highest values in both genotypes, but the opposite was found for Zn-EDTA. Considering the color parameters, lightness and red–green transitions were found to be a conjunction of genotype characteristics, fertilization types and edaphic conditions prevailing in each field. It is concluded that the index of Zn enrichment in wheat grains is a docket of edaphic conditions, genotype and type of fertilization.

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“…Nonetheless, there are challenges, including: the cost, and the effects of formulation, rate and time of application, and the risk of over-application creating Zn toxicity (Cakmak, 2008). Foliar Zn application can efficiently raise Zn levels in wheat grain (Ramzan et al, 2020;Xia et al, 2018) as foliar applied Zn can translocate efficiently to the endosperm (Ajiboye et al, 2015).…”

Section: 11) Agronomic Zn Biofortificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Cu et al (2020) and Velu et al (2019) disagree, and genetic biofortification through screening of natural genetic variation has been identified as the most sustainable and cost-effective way to deliver increased Zn to vulnerable populations globally (Pfeiffer & McClafferty, 2007). Fortunately, (Ramzan et al, 2020) found that the relationship between grain yield and Zn concentration is not negative, indicating that Zn biofortification targets can be achieved without compromising yield. Molecular approaches such as gene identification, gene mapping and molecular markers can assist in developing micronutrient rich crop varieties (Bouis & Saltzman, 2017;Velu et al, 2018).…”

Section: 12) Genetic Biofortificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights to Zinc Biofortification of Wheat: Opportunities to Fine-tune Zinc Uptake, Remobilization and Grain Loading

Kamaral¹,

Neate²,

Gunasinghe³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Wheat contains low grain zinc (Zn) due to its genetics and the physiochemical properties of the soil in which it is grown. Consequently, where wheat forms a major part of the human diet, bioavailable Zn is below dietary requirements. Understanding the regulation of genes responsible for cellular Zn-transport, particularly those responsible for the control of the biosynthesis pathway of nicotianamine, provides an opportunity to increase Zn loading into the grain. Decreasing the levels of phytic acid, an inhibitor of Zn absorption in humans, provides another opportunity to increase the bioavailability of grain Zn. Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy clearly demonstrated that the crease region of the wheat grain is a major bottleneck to Zn loading in the endosperm. Higher expression of Zn transporter families, particularly metal tolerance proteins and yellow stripe like transporter families in the aleurone layer are also likely to play a major role in determining grain Zn content. Finally, anatomical barriers in the vascular region at the base of the wheat grain are a major limitation to Zn loading. Modification of any of these traits through traditional plant breeding or gene editing provides an opportunity to increase the Zn concentration in wheat grain.

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Biofortification with Zinc and Iron Improves the Grain Quality and Yield of Wheat Crop

Cited by 93 publications

References 23 publications

Optimisation of the Extrusion Process through a Response Surface Methodology for Improvement of the Physical Properties and Nutritional Components of Whole Black-Grained Wheat Flour

Optimisation of the Extrusion Process through a Response Surface Methodology for Improvement of the Physical Properties and Nutritional Components of Whole Black-Grained Wheat Flour

Zinc Enrichment in Two Contrasting Genotypes of Triticum aestivum L. Grains: Interactions between Edaphic Conditions and Foliar Fertilizers

New Insights to Zinc Biofortification of Wheat: Opportunities to Fine-tune Zinc Uptake, Remobilization and Grain Loading

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