Biofortification of iron and zinc in rice and wheat

Kong, Danyu; Khan, Sabaz Ali; Wu, Huilan; Liu, Yi; Ling, Hong‐Qing

doi:10.1111/jipb.13262

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 104 publications

(150 reference statements)

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“…Future forecasts for population and climate change raise concerns over increased food insecurity [ 120 ]. Increasing crop yields to feed the rising human population has generated modern crop cultivars with high yields but low micronutrient contents [ 121 ]. Fluctuations of the weather conditions greatly influence plant growth and development, eventually affecting crop yield and quality, as well as plant survival [ 22 , 122 , 123 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our study, the exposure of clary sage for 8 days to 900 μM Zn resulted not only in increased Zn content but also in increased Fe content in both aboveground and belowground tissues, with a concomitant hormetic response of PSII functionality. Iron and Zn are the nutrients that are considered essential micronutrients for human health [ 121 ]. Thus, the exposure of crops to excess Zn in hydroponics can be regarded as an economical approach to ameliorate these nutritional deficiencies [ 121 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Iron and Zn are the nutrients that are considered essential micronutrients for human health [ 121 ]. Thus, the exposure of crops to excess Zn in hydroponics can be regarded as an economical approach to ameliorate these nutritional deficiencies [ 121 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Hormetic Spatiotemporal Photosystem II Response Mechanism of Salvia to Excess Zinc Exposure

Moustakas

Dobrikova

Sperdouli

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Exposure of Salvia sclarea plants to excess Zn for 8 days resulted in increased Ca, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations, but decreased Mg, in the aboveground tissues. The significant increase in the aboveground tissues of Mn, which is vital in the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II (PSII), contributed to the higher efficiency of the OEC, and together with the increased Fe, which has a fundamental role as a component of the enzymes involved in the electron transport process, resulted in an increased electron transport rate (ETR). The decreased Mg content in the aboveground tissues contributed to decreased chlorophyll content that reduced excess absorption of sunlight and operated to improve PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII), decreasing excess energy at PSII and lowering the degree of photoinhibition, as judged from the increased maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm). The molecular mechanism by which Zn-treated leaves displayed an improved PSII photochemistry was the increased fraction of open PSII reaction centers (qp) and, mainly, the increased efficiency of the reaction centers (Fv′/Fm′) that enhanced ETR. Elemental bioimaging of Zn and Ca by laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA–ICP–MS) revealed their co-localization in the mid-leaf veins. The high Zn concentration was located in the mid-leaf-vein area, while mesophyll cells accumulated small amounts of Zn, thus resembling a spatiotemporal heterogenous response and suggesting an adaptive strategy. These findings contribute to our understanding of how exposure to excess Zn triggered a hormetic response of PSII photochemistry. Exposure of aromatic and medicinal plants to excess Zn in hydroponics can be regarded as an economical approach to ameliorate the deficiency of Fe and Zn, which are essential micronutrients for human health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Hormetic Spatiotemporal Photosystem II Response Mechanism of Salvia to Excess Zinc Exposure

Moustakas

Dobrikova

Sperdouli

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…Moreover, the nodes have been shown to be crucial in controlling metal transport to reproductive tissues in rice ( Yamaji and Ma, 2017 ), highlighting some limitations of using A. thaliana as a model. In that regard, attempts to carry out biofortification in other closely related plant species, such as wheat ( Sheraz et al., 2021 ; Kong et al., 2022 ), might benefit the rice biofortification field, informing new strategies that could work in rice as well. Still, rice is the model species for cereals, and research on basic Fe and Zn homeostasis in rice is likely to provide the best strategies for biofortification in cereals in general.…”

Section: Concluding Remarks and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A tale of two metals: Biofortification of rice grains with iron and zinc

2022

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Iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) are essential micronutrients needed by virtually all living organisms, including plants and humans, for proper growth and development. Due to its capacity to easily exchange electrons, Fe is important for electron transport in mitochondria and chloroplasts. Fe is also necessary for chlorophyll synthesis. Zn is a cofactor for several proteins, including Zn-finger transcription factors and redox metabolism enzymes such as copper/Zn superoxide dismutases. In humans, Fe participates in oxygen transport, electron transport, and cell division whereas Zn is involved in nucleic acid metabolism, apoptosis, immunity, and reproduction. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the major staple food crops, feeding over half of the world’s population. However, Fe and Zn concentrations are low in rice grains, especially in the endosperm, which is consumed as white rice. Populations relying heavily on rice and other cereals are prone to Fe and Zn deficiency. One of the most cost-effective solutions to this problem is biofortification, which increases the nutritional value of crops, mainly in their edible organs, without yield reductions. In recent years, several approaches were applied to enhance the accumulation of Fe and Zn in rice seeds, especially in the endosperm. Here, we summarize these attempts involving transgenics and mutant lines, which resulted in Fe and/or Zn biofortification in rice grains. We review rice plant manipulations using ferritin genes, metal transporters, changes in the nicotianamine/phytosiderophore pathway (including biosynthetic genes and transporters), regulators of Fe deficiency responses, and other mutants/overexpressing lines used in gene characterization that resulted in Fe/Zn concentration changes in seeds. This review also discusses research gaps and proposes possible future directions that could be important to increase the concentration and bioavailability of Fe and Zn in rice seeds without the accumulation of deleterious elements. We also emphasize the need for a better understanding of metal homeostasis in rice, the importance of evaluating yield components of plants containing transgenes/mutations under field conditions, and the potential of identifying genes that can be manipulated by gene editing and other nontransgenic approaches.

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“…More than two billion people are estimated to be suffering Fe deficiency and billons of people are at risk of Zn deficiency 10,11 . The major group of people with Fe and Zn deficiency are preschool-aged children and pregnant women, and most of these people live in low-income regions or in developing countries [12][13][14] , such as eastern Africa and south-eastern Asia 5,14 . For example, in a recent nutrition survey in Pakistan, more than 18% of preschool-aged children and more than 20% of women of reproductive age had Zn deficiency 15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bamboo rice: the potential for natural iron and zinc biofortification

Shao

Wang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Moso bamboo has been shown to accumulate high concentrations of iron and zinc in the seeds. However, the bioavailablity of iron and zinc in bamboo seeds is poorly understood. Here, we evaluated the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of iron and zinc in bamboo seeds using an in vitro digestion protocol. The bioaccessibility and bioavailability of iron in bamboo seeds were 1.6- and 1.7-fold higher than in rice, respectively, and the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of zinc in bamboo seeds were 1.9- and 2.6-fold higher than in rice, respectively. Boiling process reduced both the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of iron and zinc. In addition, bamboo seeds contained lower levels of phytic acid but higher levels of tannins. Iron and zinc were mainly concentrated in the embryo and the aleurone layer. These results suggested that Moso bamboo seeds are rich in iron and zinc and have potential as a food for iron and zinc biofortification.

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Biofortification of iron and zinc in rice and wheat

Cited by 23 publications

References 104 publications

A Hormetic Spatiotemporal Photosystem II Response Mechanism of Salvia to Excess Zinc Exposure

A Hormetic Spatiotemporal Photosystem II Response Mechanism of Salvia to Excess Zinc Exposure

A tale of two metals: Biofortification of rice grains with iron and zinc

Bamboo rice: the potential for natural iron and zinc biofortification

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