Biofortification in Millets: A Sustainable Approach for Nutritional Security

Alphonse, Vinoth; Ravindhran, Ramalingam

doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.00029

Cited by 109 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…In general, calcium transporters are involved in the cellular compartmentalization of calcium in different plant organs. Three major gene families of calcium transporter proteins have been described: (i) Ca 2+ -transporting P-type-ATPases [endoplasmic reticulum-type Ca 2+ -ATPase (ECA/IIA Type) and autoinhibited Ca 2+ -ATPase (ACA/IIB-type)], (ii) divalent cation–H + antiporters/exchangers [cation/H + antiporters (CAX), CCX and CHX], and (iii) Ca-permeable ion channels that include mechanosensitive calcium-permeable channels (MSCCs), glutamate receptors (GLRs), CNGCs and two-pore channels (TPC) ( Vinoth and Ravindhran, 2017 ). The highly significant SNP-markers ( Table 1 and Supplementary Table S3 ) could either be derived from the causative genes themselves or be in linkage to the causative genes for the identified QTLs for Ca.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Association Study of Calcium Accumulation in Grains of European Wheat Cultivars

et al. 2017

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Mineral concentrations in cereals are important for human health, especially for people who depend mainly on consuming cereal diet. In this study, we carried out a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of calcium concentrations in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grains using a European wheat diversity panel of 353 varieties [339 winter wheat (WW) plus 14 of spring wheat (SW)] and phenotypic data based on two field seasons. High genotyping densities of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were obtained from the application of the 90k iSELECT ILLUMINA chip and a 35k Affymetrix chip. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used to measure the calcium concentrations of the wheat grains. Best linear unbiased estimates (BLUEs) for calcium were calculated across the seasons and ranged from 288.20 to 647.50 among the varieties (μg g-1 DW) with a mean equaling 438.102 (μg g-1 DW), and the heritability was 0.73. A total of 485 SNP marker–trait associations (MTAs) were detected in data obtained from grains cultivated in both of the two seasons and BLUE values by considering associations with a -log10 (P-value) ≥3.0. Among these SNP markers, we detected 276 markers with a positive allele effect and 209 markers with a negative allele effect. These MTAs were found on all chromosomes except chromosomes 3D, 4B, and 4D. The most significant association was located on chromosome 5A (114.5 cM) and was linked to a gene encoding cation/sugar symporter activity as a potential candidate gene. Additionally, a number of candidate genes for the uptake or transport of calcium were located near significantly associated SNPs. This analysis highlights a number of genomic regions and candidate genes for further analysis as well as the challenges faced when mapping environmentally variable traits in genetically highly diverse variety panels. The research demonstrates the feasibility of the GWAS approach for illuminating the genetic architecture of calcium-concentration in wheat grains and for identifying putative candidate genes underlying this trait.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Association Study of Calcium Accumulation in Grains of European Wheat Cultivars

et al. 2017

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“…Millet is one of the most important drought-resistant whole grain in arid and semiarid areas of Asia and Africa. It has attracted specific attention on account of the excellent nutritional value and potential health benefits such as anti-oxidant and anti-arteriosclerotic possibility [13,14]. Several studies have shown that millet, as a kind of functional food, is playing an unignoring role in maintaining homeostasis of blood glucose [15,16], delaying gastric emptying [17,18], and enhancing immune competence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Millet-based supplement restored microbiota diversity of acute undernourished pigs

Yang

Ren

et al. 2019

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The strong connection between undernutrition and gut microbiota (GM) has enabled microbiota-targeting to become an evolving strategy, which witnessed urgent need for fortified formula of supplementary food in undernutrition therapy. Using undernourished pigs as models, we investigated how corn- and millet-based nutritional supplement acted differently in modulating microbiota. Undernourished pigs at age of 9 weeks were fed with pure maize diet (Maize), corn-based (CSB+) and millet-based (MSB+) supplementary food for 3 weeks. Compared with Maize group, both CSB+ and MSB+ improved serum total protein and globulin level, but no physiological improvement was observed by short-term food intervention. MSB+ shown superior influence on GM immaturity which were more normally-grown like at both structural and functional level. Higher level of Bacteriodetes, Firmicutes and lower level of Preteobacteria were detected in MSB+ fed piglets in contrast with CSB+. Lachnospira.spp was significantly raised after nutritional intervention, indicating high correlation with the undernutrition-associated phenotype. Thus, especially from the GM aspect, millet could be one promising source to help undernourished children reconstruct balanced microbiota in short therapeutic term.

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“…Pearl millet is a staple food for more than 90 million people in Africa and Asia, thus the nutritional quality of the grains has a big impact on the diet of these populations. Efforts to improve this crop are increasing (reviewed by [ 56 – 58 ]) and very recently the sequence of pearl millet genome was released [ 43 ], opening new opportunities for accelerating breeding of this species. With the purpose to contribute to the knowledge needed for breeding programs regarding nutritional traits of pearl millet, here we analysed the content of the major antinutrient phytic acid and of the goitrogenic C-glycosylflavones of the grain and provide information on genes involved in their biosynthesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antinutritional factors in pearl millet grains: Phytate and goitrogens content variability and molecular characterization of genes involved in their pathways

et al. 2018

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Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] is an important “orphan” cereal and the most widely grown of all the millet species worldwide. It is also the sixth most important cereal in the world after wheat, rice, maize, barley, and sorghum, being largely grown and used in West Africa as well as in India and Pakistan. The present study was carried out in the frame of a program designed to increase benefits and reduce potential health problems deriving from the consumption of pearl millet. The specific goal was to provide a database of information on the variability existing in pearl millet germplasm as to the amounts of phytate, the most relevant antinutrient compound, and the goitrogenic compounds C-glycosylflavones (C-GFs) accumulated in the grain.Results we obtained clearly show that, as indicated by the range in values, a substantial variability subsists across the investigated pearl millet inbred lines as regards the grain level of phytic acid phosphate, while the amount of C-GFs shows a very high variation. Suitable potential parents to be used in breeding programs can be therefore chosen from the surveyed material in order to create new germplasm with increased nutritional quality and food safety. Moreover, we report novel molecular data showing which genes are more relevant for phytic acid biosynthesis in the seeds as well as a preliminary analysis of a pearl millet orthologous gene for C-GFs biosynthesis. These results open the way to dissect the genetic determinants controlling key seed nutritional phenotypes and to the characterization of their impact on grain nutritional value in pearl millet.

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Biofortification in Millets: A Sustainable Approach for Nutritional Security

Cited by 109 publications

References 143 publications

Genome-Wide Association Study of Calcium Accumulation in Grains of European Wheat Cultivars

Genome-Wide Association Study of Calcium Accumulation in Grains of European Wheat Cultivars

Millet-based supplement restored microbiota diversity of acute undernourished pigs

Antinutritional factors in pearl millet grains: Phytate and goitrogens content variability and molecular characterization of genes involved in their pathways

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