Biofortification, biodiversity and diet: A search for complementary applications against poverty and malnutrition

Johns, Timothy; Eyzaguirre, P. B.

doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2006.03.014

Cited by 123 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…According to Welch 35 , agricultural approaches are a prerequisite to sustainably control micronutrient malnutrition. Biofortification is considered an agriculture/food based approach as it uses the regular food chain and goes beyond fortification, because the crops are fortifying themselves 36,37 . This general definition of biofortification does not include agronomic biofortification, by which mineral contents are enhanced through the application of fertilizers 38 .…”

Section: Gm Biofortification As a Novel Micronutrient Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetically Modified Rice with Health Benefits as a Means to Reduce Micronutrient Malnutrition

Steur¹,

Mogendi²,

Blancquaert³

et al. 2014

Wheat and Rice in Disease Prevention and Health

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SummaryMicronutrient malnutrition, characterized by insufficient intake levels of vitamins and minerals, is a major public health problem that affects about 2 billion people worldwide. In order to reduce the burden of this 'hidden hunger', biofortification is more and more advocated as an alternative to the current micronutrient interventions. Through the enhancement of the micronutrient level of staple crops, it could address micronutrient malnutrition where the need is highest. Because staple crops are characterized by low micronutrient concentrations, genetic breeding techniques are often applied to increase specific vitamin levels, such as folate and pro-vitamin A. This study sheds a light on the global status of micronutrient malnutrition, biofortification and GM biofortified rice as both a GM food product with health benefits and a micronutrient intervention. Thereby, key consumer preference studies and cost-effectiveness analyses on Folate Biofortified Rice and Golden Rice are presented. Support is found for GM biofortified rice as a well-accepted GM food crop and a highly cost-effective health intervention.

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Section: Gm Biofortification As a Novel Micronutrient Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetically Modified Rice with Health Benefits as a Means to Reduce Micronutrient Malnutrition

Steur¹,

Mogendi²,

Blancquaert³

et al. 2014

Wheat and Rice in Disease Prevention and Health

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show abstract

“…According to Welch (2004), agricultural approaches are a prerequisite to sustainably control micronutrient malnutrition. Biofortification is considered an agriculture-based approach as it uses the regular food chain and goes beyond fortification, because the crops are fortifying themselves (Stein, 2006;Johns and Eyzaguirre, 2007) 21 . Contrary to dietary diversification and supplementation, biofortification uses staple food crops as its food vehicle, by which behavioral changes are unlikely to be required.…”

Section: Biofortificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also other crops, like banana, barley, cowpeas, groundnuts, lentils, pigeon peas, potatoes and sorghum, are expected to become the subject of biofortification (Stein, 2006). A more exhaustive overview of biofortified products, including strawberries (vitamin C), maize and canola (vitamin E), potatoes and mustard (beta-carotene), carrots (calcium), lettuce (iron) is available in Hirschi (2009) and Johns and Eyzaguirre (2007). In China, only the conventional biofortified zinc enriched wheat ("Jingdong 8") is commercialized, but at a very smallscale.…”

Section: Biofortificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…fortification and dietary diversification, biofortification has been explored and advocated as a novel, potential strategy (Horton et al, 2008;Mayer et al, 2008), at both the policy and research level (Johns and Eyzaguirre, 2007). By enriching the natural micronutrient content of staple crops, such as rice, wheat or potatoes, biofortification aims to alleviate the burden of micronutrient deficiencies, in particular for the people who need it the most .…”

Section: General Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Market Potential of Folate Biofortified Rice in China

Steur

Gellynck

Blancquaert

et al. 2013

Handbook of Food Fortification and Health

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“…Evaluation of the impact of biotechnology on biodiversity and the well-being of vulnerable populations is also essential. Biotechnology as part of a balanced approach to development and improved food security can contribute to the improvement of local crops that benefit and enhance local self-sufficiency, but approaches need to explicitly complement and maintain physiological and socio-cultural diversity and livelihood options within sustainable food systems (Johns & Eyzaguirre, 2006 …”

Section: Building the Evidence Basementioning

confidence: 99%

Linking biodiversity, diet and health in policy and practice

2006

Self Cite

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Simplification of human diets associated with increased accessibility of inexpensive agricultural commodities and erosion of agrobiodiversity leads to nutrient deficiencies and excess energy consumption. Non-communicable diseases are growing causes of death and disability worldwide. Successful food systems in transition effectively draw on locally-available foods, food variety and traditional food cultures. In practice this process involves empirical research, public policy, promotion and applied action in support of multi-sectoral, community-based strategies linking rural producers and urban consumers, subsistence and market economies, and traditional and modern food systems. Implementation of the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute's Global Nutrition Strategy in Sub-Saharan Africa offers a useful case study. Relevant policy platforms, in which biodiversity conservation and nutrition are and should be linked, include the Millennium Development Goals, Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, Convention on Biological Diversity, Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health, Food-Based Dietary Guidelines, Right to Adequate Food and UN Human Rights Commission's Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues. The largely unexplored health benefits of cultivated and wild plants include micronutrient intake and functions related to energy density, glycaemic control, oxidative stress and immuno-stimulation. Research on the properties of neglected and underutilized species and local varieties deserves higher priority. In tests of the hypothesis that biodiversity is essential for dietary diversity and health, quantitative indicators of dietary and biological diversity can be combined with nutrition and health outcomes at the population level. That traditional systems once lost are hard to recreate underlines the imperative for timely documentation, compilation and dissemination of eroding knowledge of biodiversity and the use of food culture for promoting positive behaviours.

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Biofortification, biodiversity and diet: A search for complementary applications against poverty and malnutrition

Cited by 123 publications

References 69 publications

Genetically Modified Rice with Health Benefits as a Means to Reduce Micronutrient Malnutrition

Genetically Modified Rice with Health Benefits as a Means to Reduce Micronutrient Malnutrition

Market Potential of Folate Biofortified Rice in China

Linking biodiversity, diet and health in policy and practice

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