Biofortification: A New Tool to Reduce Micronutrient Malnutrition

Bouis, Howarth E.; Hotz, Christine; McClafferty, Bonnie; Meenakshi, J.V.; Pfeiffer, Wolfgang

doi:10.1177/15648265110321s105

Cited by 710 publications

(435 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…INSP undertakes research to assess not only impact, but also the adequacy, of large-scale interventions (37) and conducts both biological (38) and behavioral (30) research to improve impact when inadequacies are identified. Other similar models can be designed by building strong partnerships between different institutions that focus on one or two of these complementary areas (39).…”

Section: Do the Mmn Efficacy Trials Demonstrate Benefit?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Micronutrient Interventions Are Efficacious, but Research on Adequacy, Plausibility, and Implementation Needs Attention ,

Habicht

Pelto

2012

The Journal of Nutrition

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Evidence for the efficacy of multiple micronutrient (MMN) supplementation has been established by state-of-the-art randomized controlled trials (RCT). These efficacy trials have also provided strong evidence of the widespread occurrence of deficiencies. Trials intended to demonstrate a public health benefit must show that the magnitude of benefit is adequate for policy considerations. In the MMN efficacy studies the magnitude of impact was generally inadequate. The extent to which this was due to various factors that affect individuals' potential to respond to MMN supplementation has not been examined, and trials have not been designed to provide insights into why impact is below expectation. For instance, when birth weight was the outcome of concern, impact was not related to presumed need, judged by baseline birth-weight values. Also, contrary to expectations, the impacts were greater among the heavier mothers. Our inability to examine issues of adequacy, plausibility, and implementation with efficacy trial approaches as they are currently conducted, calls into question the present standards for designing and interpreting community RCT in nutrition. Improving the capacity of efficacy studies to yield more meaningful data requires a number of modifications to current practices, such as including measures of the intermediary behavioral and biological steps between intervention and biological outcomes to assess the adequacy and plausibility of the findings. The progression from RCT to program interventions must also extend research to program delivery and uptake to ascertain the full program impact pathway. This in turn requires novel organizations of relationships between research and program development and implementation.

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Section: Do the Mmn Efficacy Trials Demonstrate Benefit?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Micronutrient Interventions Are Efficacious, but Research on Adequacy, Plausibility, and Implementation Needs Attention ,

Habicht

Pelto

2012

The Journal of Nutrition

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“…Biofortification, the process of increasing the concentration and bioavailability of essential nutrients in staple crops by traditional plant breeding (and/ or genetic engineering), is a promising, sustainable, and costeffective approach to combat micronutrient deficiencies, and it was recently highlighted in the Lancet Maternal and Child Nutrition Series (10)(11)(12). Varieties of rice, maize, wheat, sweet potato, beans, pearl millet, and cassava have been the main targeted crops of biofortification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Randomized Trial of Iron-Biofortified Pearl Millet in School Children in India ,

Finkelstein

Mehta

Udipi

et al. 2015

The Journal of Nutrition

140

111

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“…Moreover, losses of Se can occur through leaching of soluble inorganic-Se by excessive precipitation/irrigation or by the volatilization of Se (e.g., methyl-selenide) induced by microbial metabolic activities (Žnidarčič, 2011). Other researchers have incorporated agronomic or biotechnological methods to biofortify crops with Se (Lyons et al, 2004; White and Broadley, 2005, 2009; Hirschi, 2009; Bouis et al, 2011), including applying foliar applications of Se (Kápolna et al, 2012; Pezzarossa et al, 2012; Wang et al, 2013), or growing crops hydroponically in a Se-rich nutrient medium (Smoleń et al, 2014). The consideration of adding other sources of Se, e.g., organic-Se enriched fertilizers, could be useful as an alternative soil amendment to produce Se biofortified food crops.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continued Selenium Biofortification of Carrots and Broccoli Grown in Soils Once Amended with Se-enriched S. pinnata

et al. 2016

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Selenium (Se) biofortification has been practiced in Se-deficient regions throughout the world primarily by adding inorganic sources of Se to the soil. Considering the use of adding organic sources of Se could be useful as an alternative Se amendment for the production of Se-biofortified food crops. In this multi-year micro-plot study, we investigate growing carrots and broccoli in soils that had been previously amended with Se-enriched Stanleya pinnata Pursh (Britton) three and 4 years prior to planting one and two, respectively. Results showed that total and extractable Se concentrations in soils (0–30 cm) were 1.65 mg kg-1 and 88 μg L-1, and 0.92 mg kg-1 and 48.6 μg L-1 at the beginning of the growing season for planting one and two, respectively. After each respective growing season, total Se concentrations in the broccoli florets and carrots ranged from 6.99 to 7.83 mg kg-1 and 3.15 to 6.25 mg kg-1 in planting one and two, respectively. In broccoli and carrot plant tissues, SeMet (selenomethionine) was the predominant selenoamino acid identified in Se aqueous extracts. In postharvest soils from planting one, phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analyses showed that amending the soil with S. pinnata exerted no effect on the microbial biomass, AMF (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi), actinomycetes and Gram-positive and bacterial PLFA at both 0–5 and 0–30 cm, respectively, 3 years later. Successfully producing Se-enriched broccoli and carrots 3 and 4 years later after amending soil with Se-enriched S. pinnata clearly demonstrates its potential source as an organic Se enriched fertilizer for Se-deficient regions.

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Biofortification: A New Tool to Reduce Micronutrient Malnutrition

Abstract: Initial investments in agricultural research at a central location can generate high recurrent benefits at low cost as adapted, biofortified varieties become available in country after country across time at low recurrent costs.

Cited by 710 publications

References 31 publications

Multiple Micronutrient Interventions Are Efficacious, but Research on Adequacy, Plausibility, and Implementation Needs Attention ,

Multiple Micronutrient Interventions Are Efficacious, but Research on Adequacy, Plausibility, and Implementation Needs Attention ,

A Randomized Trial of Iron-Biofortified Pearl Millet in School Children in India ,

Continued Selenium Biofortification of Carrots and Broccoli Grown in Soils Once Amended with Se-enriched S. pinnata

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