Biofloc technology improves growth, innate immune responses, oxidative status, and resistance to acute stress in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) under high stocking density

Adineh, Hossein; Naderi, Mahdi; Hamidi, Mohammad Khademi; Harsij, Mohammad

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.057

Cited by 86 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The observation might be contributed to slower ammonia conversion rates in the RAS system; that is, low concentration of ammonia in BFT1 and BFT2 systems can be attributed to higher growth of heterotrophic bacteria (Michaud, 2007). Many researchers have reported parallel and confirmative findings and revealed lower levels of TNA in biofloc systems (Adineh et al., 2019; Ray, Drury, & Cecil, 2017; Widanarni, Ekasari, & Maryam, 2012). The TAN concentration in the RAS was higher than the others treatments, which might indicate that the biofilter was still maturing and could gradually increase its function in the course of time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…It is difficult to explain this finding, but it might be related to the conversion of indigestible phosphorus into digestible form by heterotrophic bacteria (Luo et al., 2014; Schneider, Sereti, Machiels, Eding, & Verreth, 2006). This, therefore, indicates that the decrease of phosphate concentration in the biofloc treatments may be due to the assimilation of phosphate by heterotrophic bacteria (Adineh et al., 2019; Ray & Lotz, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…FCR was significantly lower in BFT2 because 10% of daily feed was deducted in treatment ( p < .05). Therefore, the biofloc can be eaten as a food source for common carp and, decreases production costs (Adineh et al., 2019; Crab et al., 2010; Luna‐González et al., 2017; Wasielesky, Atwood, Stokes, & Browdy, 2006; Xu & Pan, 2014). Zhao et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cortisol level in WE and RAS was higher than in biofloc systems. Biofloc has an anti‐stress effect and decrease plasma cortisol levels (Adineh et al., 2019; Liu, Zhu, Liu, & Ye, 2018; Verma, Rani, Rathore, Saharan, & Gora, 2016). In general, high concentrations of cortisol have been reported in RAS for tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) (Mota, Martins, Eding, Canário, & Verreth, 2016) and rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) (Kolodziej, Harter, & Davidl, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microbial biofilms and bioflocs are used as food sources and have opened a promising avenue to improve aquaculture management (Martınez‐Cordova, Emerenciano, Miranda‐Baeza, & Martınez‐Porchas, 2015; Martínez‐Porchas & Vargas‐Albores, 2015). Comparing the biofloc technology (BFT) with a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS), BFT improved growth performance in some species like lemon fin barb hybrid ( Hypsibarbus wetmorei ♂ × Barboides gonionotus ♀) (Dauda, Romanoc, Chena, Natraha, & Kamarudin, 2018), tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) (Azim & Little, 2008; Luo et al., 2014) and common carp (Adineh, Naderi, Khademi Hamidi, & Harsij, 2019). Besides, biofloc can also reduce the cost of conventional feed and provide more economic benefits for aquaculture (Luna‐González et al., 2017; Panjaitan, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison between recirculating aquaculture and biofloc systems for rearing juvenile common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ): Growth performance, haemato‐immunological indices, water quality and microbial communities

et al. 2020

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In a 2‐month trial, four different aquaculture systems, viz., (a) rearing at 50% daily water exchange without filtration (WE), (b) biofloc system (BFT1), without water exchange or filtration, (c) biofloc system (BFT2), similar to BFT1 but 10% of daily feed deducted, and (d) recirculating system (RAS), without water exchange, were compared through monitoring water quality as well as measuring the growth, haematological and immunological indices of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Metagenomics was also applied to characterize the microbial profile of the waters through screening 16S rDNA gene sequences. BFT systems demonstrated lower values of pH, dissolved oxygen but did higher concentration of total suspended solid (TSS) and 5‐day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5). No significant change was observed in haematocrit, haemoglobin, albumin, total protein and total cholesterol of the fish kept in all treatments. Metagenomics analysis revealed the highest abundance for Proteobacteria in BFT1, BFT2 and RAS systems, whereas Firmicutes was the dominant phylum in WE treatment. At the genus level, Flavobacterium (in BFT treatments), Sphingobacterium (RAS) and Rhodoluna (WE treatment) were the dominant bacteria. Taken together, BFT treatments could improve water quality and feed utilization. Moreover, BFT and RAS rearing conditions might change microbial structure of water.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Comparison between recirculating aquaculture and biofloc systems for rearing juvenile common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ): Growth performance, haemato‐immunological indices, water quality and microbial communities

et al. 2020

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Influence of Stocking Density on Growth Performance, Intestinal Antioxidant Status, and Immune‐Related Gene Expression of Endangered Megalobrama pellegrini Reared in a Flow‐Through System

et al. 2021

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A 42-d feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of stocking density on the growth and health status of juvenile Megalobrama pellegrini. Fish (initial body weight = 0.45 AE 0.01 g) were reared in a flow-through system under five stocking densities: 0.15, 0.24, 0.34, 0.42, and 0.50 kg/m 3 . Significantly lower growth performance (weight gain and specific growth rate) and a higher feed conversion ratio were recorded in fish reared at the highest stocking density (0.50 kg/m 3 ). Similarly, intestinal oxidative stress analyses indicated that activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase were reduced in M. pellegrini reared at the highest stocking density; the highest malondialdehyde content was also recorded in this group. In addition, intestinal glutathione content was significantly increased in higher-density groups compared with the lowest density group (0.15 kg/m 3 ), and the highest value appeared in the 0.34-kg/m 3 group. Intestinal CYP1A* (cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A gene) expression was significantly lower in the 0.15-kg/m 3 group than in the 0.42-kg/m 3 group. Furthermore, the 0.50-kg/m 3 group had significantly higher gene expression of Nrf2* (nuclear factor [erythroid-derived 2]-like 2), NF-κB* (nuclear factor kappa beta), and MyD88* (myeloid differentiation factor 88) than the lower-density groups. This study indicated that 0.45-1.36-g M. pellegrini could be cultured at a density of 0.34 kg/m 3 for maximum growth in a flow-through system without negative effects on the measured physiological indicators of stress and immunity.

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Effects of Chronic Ammonia Exposure on Growth of Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) Cultured Under Different Densities

2022

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Tilapia are among the most widely cultivated fish species in the world, with a high level of importance for freshwater fish production. An important tilapia variety for the international market is genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT; Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus). Multiple studies have been developed to determine the maximum concentrations of ammonia (NH 3 ) recommended for the cultivation of various varieties of tilapia; however, there are no specific data for the cultivation of GIFT. Growth results for GIFT fry exposed to NH 3 at 0.50, 0.89, and 1.58 mg/L in 69-d chronic toxicity tests were evaluated. The experiments were conducted in three recirculation aquaculture systems, one for each concentration of NH 3 . Stocking densities were 33, 66, and 132 fish/m 3 . Fish were fed ad libitum three times per day. The only mortalities recorded were for treatments with the highest NH 3 concentration (1.58 mg/ L), which had a cumulative mortality of 89.5%. There were no significant differences in weight gain for the three stocking densities assessed at an NH 3 concentration of 0.50 mg/L. Results indicated that GIFT juveniles can be cultured with stocking densities of up to 132 fish/m 3 in environments with ammonia concentrations of up to 0.89 mg/L without compromising fish survival, although the daily weight gain was between 30% and 41% lower than the values reported for optimal culture conditions.

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Biofloc technology improves growth, innate immune responses, oxidative status, and resistance to acute stress in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) under high stocking density

Cited by 86 publications

References 58 publications

Comparison between recirculating aquaculture and biofloc systems for rearing juvenile common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ): Growth performance, haemato‐immunological indices, water quality and microbial communities

Comparison between recirculating aquaculture and biofloc systems for rearing juvenile common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ): Growth performance, haemato‐immunological indices, water quality and microbial communities

Influence of Stocking Density on Growth Performance, Intestinal Antioxidant Status, and Immune‐Related Gene Expression of Endangered Megalobrama pellegrini Reared in a Flow‐Through System

Effects of Chronic Ammonia Exposure on Growth of Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) Cultured Under Different Densities

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