Biofloc management with different flow rates for solids removal in the Litopenaeus vannamei BFT culture system

Gaona, Carlos Augusto Prata; Serra, Fabiane da Paz; Furtado, Plínio Schmidt; Poersch, Luís; Wasielesky, Wilson

doi:10.1007/s10499-016-9983-2

Cited by 36 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The TSS values were kept close to 500 mg/L (Cohen, Samocha, Fox, Gandy, & Lawrence, 2005; Samocha et al, 2007). Clarifiers mounted in a 1,000‐L plastic water box (settling chamber) with a central pipe with a 300 mm diameter and a 700 mm height at the center of the box to reduce turbulence were used when the TSS values reached 500 mg/L, following the clarification process described by Gaona, Serra, Furtado, Poersch, and Wasielesky (2016).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperintensive stocking densities for Litopenaeus vannamei grow‐out in biofloc technology culture system

Silveira

Krummenauer

Poersch

et al. 2020

J World Aquaculture Soc

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Searching for potential increases in shrimp yields, this study evaluated the effects of different stocking densities on water quality and production performance of juvenile shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, reared on a biofloc-dominated system throughout 77 days. The organisms (1.27 ± 0.54 g) were stocked at three densities, 400 (T400), 500 (T500), and 600 (T600) shrimp/m 2 corresponding to 500, 625, and 750 shrimp/m 3 , with three replicates each, in nine 35 m 2 tanks with 28 m 3 of workable volume inside a greenhouse. Shrimp were maintained at optimal conditions for the species with an average temperature of 28.9 ± 0.1 C, dissolved oxygen average above 6.0 mg/L, and pH above 7.3. Significant differences in yields (3.52 ± 0.05, 4.02 ± 0.06 and 4.22 ± 0.40 kg/m 2 or 4.39 ± 0.07, 4.48 ± 0.08, and 5.27 ± 0.49 kg/m 3) were observed between treatments (T400, T500, and T600, respectively), and for final mean weights (12.3 ± 5.53, 12.2 ± 3.89, and 10.2 ± 3.49 g, respectively). These results suggest that 500 shrimp/m 2 or 625 shrimp/m 3 is the optimum stocking density for Biofloc Technology culture under the defined study conditions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperintensive stocking densities for Litopenaeus vannamei grow‐out in biofloc technology culture system

Silveira

Krummenauer

Poersch

et al. 2020

J World Aquaculture Soc

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“…In that study, the larger and smaller settling chambers were 3.4% and 1.5%, respectively, of the culture tank volume. In another study, no significant difference was detected in solids DM removed when two influent flow rates into 797‐L settling chambers (2.3% of tank volume) were tested in a shrimp biofloc system, where HRTs were 12 and 24 min (8.9‐ and 17.8‐h tank turnover times, respectively; Gaona et al 2016). No significant difference was detected for solids removal from Channel Catfish biofloc production tanks by settling chambers (0.8% of tank volume) that were operated with a 40‐ or 127‐min HRT (3.7‐ and 11.8‐d tank turnover times, respectively; Green et al 2019b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More solids are produced in a heterotrophic-based biofloc production system, where organic carbon is added to stimulate bacterial immobilization of excreted feed nitrogen, than in a chemoautotrophic (nitrification)-based biofloc production system (Ebeling et al 2006;Ray and Lotz 2014). Left unchecked, TSS concentrations of 2,000 mg/L or higher were reported for Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus and whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (hereafter, "shrimp") biofloc production systems (Green et al 2014;Gaona et al 2016). Results of published studies suggest that feed consumption is constrained at high TSS concentrations in Channel Catfish, sunshine bass (female White Bass Morone chrysops × male Striped Bass M. saxatilis), and shrimp biofloc production systems (Ray et al 2010(Ray et al , 2011Schveitzer et al 2013;Green et al 2014Green et al , 2018.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Generally accepted targets for solids removal include maintaining 300-400mg/L TSS for shrimp and 400-600-mg/L TSS for finfish (Schveitzer et al 2013;Green et al 2014;Arantes et al 2017). Settling chambers are activated initially once a target TSS concentration is reached, and the chambers are operated either continuously (Ray et al 2011;Schveitzer et al 2013;Arantes et al 2017;Green et al 2019aGreen et al , 2019b or intermittently (approximately weekly) for a specified period (from 6 h to more than 48 h; Ray et al 2010;Gaona et al 2016;Zemor et al 2019;Green et al 2020). However, no defined protocol appears to exist for solids removal from biofloc production systems.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Settling Chamber Hydraulic Retention Time in a Sunshine Bass Biofloc Production System

Green

Ray

2021

N American J Aquac

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High total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations that result from the high feeding rates used in biofloc technology production systems can negatively impact fish performance. Excess TSS are removed from biofloc production tanks by side‐stream settling chambers. The effects on solids removal, water quality dynamics, and performance of sunshine bass (female White Bass Morone chrysops × male Striped Bass M. saxatilis) from three settling chamber hydraulic retention times (HRTs; 18, 43, and 87 min; designated HRT18, HRT43, and HRT87, respectively) were evaluated in this 126‐d study in biofloc tanks. Corresponding settling chamber flow rates were 7.2, 3.0, and 1.5 L/min, respectively, and corresponding tank turnover times were 8.3, 20.0, and 40.0 h. Upon activation of settling chambers, the TSS concentration decreased faster in the HRT87 treatment than in the other two treatments. The dry matter mass of solids discharged each time the settling chambers were drained and the total dry matter mass of solids discharged both increased linearly with HRT. Compared to the HRT43 and HRT87 treatments, nitrate‐nitrogen in the HRT18 treatment accumulated about 17% more slowly and 25% less sodium bicarbonate was needed, which suggests that nitrification was impacted negatively by the elevated settling chamber flow rate. Denitrification was not detected in settling chambers given the absence of significant differences between influent and effluent dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations in all treatments. Sunshine bass performed well in all treatments, with overall production averaging 4.4 kg/m3 at 81.9% survival. Although sunshine bass were grown successfully to market size in biofloc culture, future research should address higher stocking rates and settling chamber operational parameters to maintain higher TSS concentrations and promote denitrification. Thus, the results of this study suggest that a minimum settling chamber HRT of 43 min is appropriate for biofloc culture of hybrid striped bass.

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“…Biofloc technology (BFT) is a recirculating aquaculture system that controls the level of inorganic nitrogenous compounds in cultivating tanks or ponds based on the ability of suspended microbial flocs (i.e., bioflocs) to assimilate the nitrogen into cellular biomass or to transform the nitrogen into a less toxic form 3 . In addition to the effective control of ammonia, an important advantage of BFT systems compared with nitrifying and denitrifying biofilter processes is the ability to recycle unused protein in feeds by means of biofloc consumption by cultured animals 4 . Consumption of bioflocs improves digestive and antioxidant enzyme activities and increases the immune response in different economically important species, such as tilapia, white shrimp, and crayfish 5‐7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of modified biofloc system with filtration unit in controlling suspended solids and inorganic nitrogen concentrations in a recirculating aquaculture system

Kunwong

Satanwat

Powtongsook

et al. 2021

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND Biofloc technology systems (BFT) often encounter difficulties in controlling suspended solid levels in tanks. The oxygen consumption rates and ammonia removal rates of bioflocs as the BFT system shifts from assimilation towards nitrification have rarely been reported. Thus, the performance of the BFT system with a filtration unit was evaluated. RESULTS Preliminary work found that the optimal screen pore size and recirculating flow rate were 100 μm and 3000 L day−1, respectively. The BFT system with the filtration unit could maintain suspended solids in the fish tank below 50 mg‐SS L−1 while retaining significantly higher suspended solids in the biofloc reactor (509 ± 44.6 mg‐SS L−1). The daily starch addition at a C:N mass ratio of 10:1 in phase I (day 1–38) induced the biofloc formation that kept TAN and nitrite levels below 1.0 mg‐N L−1. The fraction of inorganic nitrogen compounds increased from 2.5% in phase I to 27.6% in phase III (day 56–70). TAN removal rates increased from 3.0 mg‐N g‐SS−1 day−1 during phase I to 10.34 ± 0.392 mg‐N g‐SS−1 day−1 after complete nitrification occurred. Relatively constant oxygen consumption rates of the bioflocs (149.1 ± 9.53 mg‐ O2 g‐SS−1 day−1) were observed for the entire experiment. CONCLUSION The BFT system with a filtration unit was effective in controlling suspended solid and inorganic nitrogen concentrations. Nitrogen treatment pathway of BFT system was assimilation during startup period but gradually shifted to nitrification. Oxygen consumption rates of the bioflocs are relatively constant regardless of the pathways responsible for nitrogen treatment. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

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Biofloc management with different flow rates for solids removal in the Litopenaeus vannamei BFT culture system

Cited by 36 publications

References 35 publications

Hyperintensive stocking densities for Litopenaeus vannamei grow‐out in biofloc technology culture system

Hyperintensive stocking densities for Litopenaeus vannamei grow‐out in biofloc technology culture system

Evaluation of Settling Chamber Hydraulic Retention Time in a Sunshine Bass Biofloc Production System

Evaluation of modified biofloc system with filtration unit in controlling suspended solids and inorganic nitrogen concentrations in a recirculating aquaculture system

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