Biofiltration for stormwater harvesting: Comparison of Campylobacter spp. and Escherichia coli removal under normal and challenging operational conditions

Chandrasena, Gayani; Deletić, Ana; McCarthy, David Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.03.044

Cited by 38 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Plants have previously been highlighted as a key covariant controlling faecal indicator removal due to advanced adsorption to roots and interactions with exudates and the rhizosphere; as such, our results might instead be reflecting the relatively higher importance of other design (e.g., presense of an SZ) and operational conditions (large vs. small inflow volumes). Nonetheless, the average E. coli log reduction of 1.2 is comparable to E. coli log reductions (1.2-1.4) observed in the authors' previous work in field conditions [30]. C. perfringens were removed better than E. coli (>2 average; p < 0.05; independent samples t-test) owing to their larger size which promotes physical straining by the media [7].…”

Section: Overall Removal Performance Of Indicators and Reference Pathsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…log reduction observed in the current study is comparable to the average Campylobacter spp. log reduction observed in the authors' previous work in field biofiltration systems [30]. Cryptosporidium oocysts were the most effectively removed reference pathogen by stormwater biofilters (1.7 average log reduction); as for C. perfringens, this is likely due also to its larger size [32].…”

Section: Overall Removal Performance Of Indicators and Reference Pathmentioning

confidence: 69%

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Stormwater Biofilters as Barriers against Campylobacter jejuni, Cryptosporidium Oocysts and Adenoviruses; Results from a Laboratory Trial

Chandrasena

Deletić

Lintern

et al. 2017

Water

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Biofilters are a widely used stormwater treatment technology. However; other than some evidence regarding non-pathogenic indicator microorganisms; there are significant knowledge gaps in the capacity of stormwater biofilters to remove actual pathogens and how this removal is impacted by biofilter design elements and operational conditions. In this study; we explored the capacity of stormwater biofilters to remove three reference pathogens (Campylobacter spp.; adenovirus and Cryptosporidium oocysts) and compared these to commonly used indicator microorganisms (E. coli; FRNA coliphages and Clostridium perfringens). Two different biofilter designs; each having a submerged zone (SZ); were tested under extended dry weather periods (up to 4 weeks) and different event volumes (the equivalent of 1-2 pore volumes) in a laboratory trial. These systems were able to consistently reduce the concentrations of all tested reference pathogens (average log reduction in Campylobacter spp. = 0.7; adenovirus = 1.0 and Cryptosporidium oocysts = 1.7) and two of the indicators (average log reduction in E. coli = 1.2 and C. perfringens = 2.1). However; none of the tested indicators consistently mimicked the removal performance of their corresponding reference pathogens after extended dry weather periods and during larger simulated storm events. This indicates that the behaviour of these pathogens in stormwater biofilters are not adequately represented by their corresponding indicator microorganisms and that to optimise biofilter designs for pathogen removal it is critical to further study pathogen removal processes in these systems.

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Section: Overall Removal Performance Of Indicators and Reference Pathsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Overall Removal Performance Of Indicators and Reference Pathmentioning

confidence: 69%

Stormwater Biofilters as Barriers against Campylobacter jejuni, Cryptosporidium Oocysts and Adenoviruses; Results from a Laboratory Trial

Chandrasena

Deletić

Lintern

et al. 2017

Water

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“…Among the BMPs, retention pond and media filters appeared to have potential for bacteria removal in effluent. Chandrasena et al (2016) studied the removal of E. coli and Campylobacter spp. from urban stormwater by field-scale biofilters.…”

Section: Reduction Of Microbial Contaminants Through Wsud/bmpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such variations may affect performance evaluation as well as the impact of other factors including the selection of plants, use of a submerged zone in biofilters, and operation under wet vs. dry conditions Chandrasena et al, 2016). Generally, a one log 10 removal of FIB and pathogens can be expected if biofilters are properly designed accordingly to local guidance (Bichai and Ashbolt, 2017).…”

Section: Reduction Of Microbial Contaminants Through Wsud/bmpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on microbial contaminants in stormwater runoff and outfalls: Potential health risks and mitigation strategies

Ahmed

Hamilton

Toze

et al. 2019

Science of The Total Environment

110

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Editor: Patricia HoldenDemands on global water supplies are increasing in response to the need to provide more food, water, and energy for a rapidly growing population. These water stressors are exacerbated by climate change, as well as the growth and urbanisation of industry and commerce. Consequently, urban water authorities around the globe are exploring alternative water sources to meet ever-increasing demands. These alternative sources are primarily treated sewage, stormwater, and groundwater. Stormwater including roof-harvested rainwater has been considered as an alternative water source for both potable and non-potable uses. One of the most significant issues concerning alternative water reuse is the public health risk associated with chemical and microbial contaminants. Several studies to date have quantified fecal indicators and pathogens in stormwater. Microbial source tracking (MST) approaches have also been used to determine the sources of fecal contamination in stormwater and receiving waters. This review paper summarizes occurrence and concentrations of fecal indicators, pathogens, and MST marker genes in urban stormwater. A section of the review highlights the removal of fecal indicators and pathogens through water sensitive urban design (WSUD) or Best Management Practices (BMPs). We also discuss approaches for assessing and mitigating health risks associated with stormwater, including a summary of existing quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) models for potable and non-potable reuse of stormwater. Finally, the most critical research gaps are identified for formulating risk management strategies.Crown

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“…With the exception of Sidhu et al [112] and Chandrasena et al [113] examining adenovirus, enterovirus, Campylobacter, Cryptosporidium, and Giardia removal, studies describing the removal of viral and protozoan pathogens in stormwater biofilters are rare. Given the difference in size and surface properties among indicators and pathogens, it is unlikely we can extrapolate results from FIB to viral and protozoan pathogens, or even to bacterial pathogens [114]. Fecal decay studies also reveal significant differential die-off among microbes [27].…”

Section: Summary and Future Research Needsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indicator and Pathogen Removal by Low Impact Development Best Management Practices

Peng¹,

Cao

Rippy

et al. 2016

Water

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Microbial contamination in urban stormwater is one of the most widespread and challenging water quality issues in developed countries. Low impact development (LID) best management practices (BMPs) restore pre-urban hydrology by treating and/or harvesting urban runoff and stormwater, and can be designed to remove many contaminants including pathogens. One particular type of LID BMP, stormwater biofilters (i.e., vegetated media filters, also known as bioinfiltration, bioretention, or rain gardens), is becoming increasingly popular in urban environments due to its multiple co-benefits (e.g., improved hydrology, water quality, local climate and aesthetics). However, increased understanding of the factors influencing microbial removal in biofilters is needed to effectively design and implement biofilters for microbial water quality improvement. This paper aims to provide a holistic view of microbial removal in biofilter systems, and reviews the effects of various design choices such as filter media, vegetation, infauna, submerged zones, and hydraulic retention time on microbial removal. Limitations in current knowledge and recommendations for future research are also discussed.

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Biofiltration for stormwater harvesting: Comparison of Campylobacter spp. and Escherichia coli removal under normal and challenging operational conditions

Cited by 38 publications

References 29 publications

Stormwater Biofilters as Barriers against Campylobacter jejuni, Cryptosporidium Oocysts and Adenoviruses; Results from a Laboratory Trial

Stormwater Biofilters as Barriers against Campylobacter jejuni, Cryptosporidium Oocysts and Adenoviruses; Results from a Laboratory Trial

A review on microbial contaminants in stormwater runoff and outfalls: Potential health risks and mitigation strategies

Indicator and Pathogen Removal by Low Impact Development Best Management Practices

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