2002
DOI: 10.3201/eid0809.020063
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Biofilms: Microbial Life on Surfaces

Abstract: Microorganisms attach to surfaces and develop biofilms. Biofilm-associated cells can be differentiated from their suspended counterparts by generation of an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix, reduced growth rates, and the up- and down- regulation of specific genes. Attachment is a complex process regulated by diverse characteristics of the growth medium, substratum, and cell surface. An established biofilm structure comprises microbial cells and EPS, has a defined architecture, and provides an opt… Show more

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Cited by 3,956 publications
(3,055 citation statements)
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References 77 publications
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“…Electron micrographs of TCCs have revealed complex communities of different microorganisms covered by an extensive matrix, the biofilm [20]. Bacterial biofilms are responsible for the resistance to most antimicrobial treatments in a high number of patients with device-related and other chronic infections, such as otitis media, cholesteatoma, tonsillitis, cystic fibrosis, and prostatitis [21].…”
Section: The Role Of the Biofilmmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Electron micrographs of TCCs have revealed complex communities of different microorganisms covered by an extensive matrix, the biofilm [20]. Bacterial biofilms are responsible for the resistance to most antimicrobial treatments in a high number of patients with device-related and other chronic infections, such as otitis media, cholesteatoma, tonsillitis, cystic fibrosis, and prostatitis [21].…”
Section: The Role Of the Biofilmmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A biofilm is 'an assemblage of surface-associated microbial cells that is encased in an extracellular polymeric substance matrix' (Donlan, 2002). These unique communities form on various indwelling medical devices.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is composed of multilayered consortia of photoautotrophs (e.g., unicellular and filamentous cyanobacteria, benthic diatoms and green microalgae) and heterotrophs (bacteria, fungi and protozoa) and is also dominated by more photoautotrophic microorganisms (Guzzon et al, 2008). The layers are embedded in a common extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), secreted by the community, that mediates the adhesion of photo and heterotrophs (Donlan, 2002;Sutherland, 2001). These communities are ubiquitous in most aquatic environments and plays a significant role in nutrient cycling (Battin et al, 2003) and purification of water ecosystems (Sabater et al, 2002).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%